Interfacial Co-O-Cu bonds prompt electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia in neutral electrolyte.

In this work, the formed interfacial Co-O-Cu bonds in Co-doped Cu(OH)2 (Co2-Cu(OH)2) sufficiently expose active sites and improve the reaction kinetics. As a result, the optimal Co2-Cu(OH)2 provides an amazing faradaic efficiency (91.6%), high selectivity (93.2%) and robust stability toward the NO3RR.

Regulating charge distribution of Cu3PdN nanocrystals for nitrate electroreduction to ammonia.

As-synthesized Cu3PdN nanocrystals displayed high faradaic efficiency and selectivity for nitrate-to-ammonia conversion. The excellent performances can be attributed to the charge redistribution in Cu3PdN as a result of modulations of the electronic structures of Pd and Cu atoms, which altered the adsorption activation energy of the intermediates during the nitrate reduction reaction process.

24-h intraocular pressure patterns measured by Icare PRO rebound in habitual position of open-angle glaucoma eyes.

PURPOSE: To measure the 24-h intraocular pressure (IOP) by Icare PRO rebound in healthy and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and compare it with non-contact tonometry (NCT). METHODS: Thirty POAG patients, who were under IOP-lowering treatment, and 30 healthy subjects were included. Participants were hospitalized overnight for the 24-h IOP measurement. IOPs were measured by Icare PRO and NCT according to a standard protocol every 2 h during 24 h. The 24-h IOP curve and IOP-related parameters were compared between Icare PRO and NCT groups in POAG and healthy eyes. RESULTS: The IOPs measured by Icare PRO in habitual position increased notably at 22:00 in the normal group and at 20:00 in the POAG group, reached peak at 0:00, stayed high until 4:00, and then decreased in both groups (all p < 0.05). The POAG patients had higher mean 24-h IOP, peak IOP, IOP fluctuation, and greater IOP change from supine to sitting position in the nocturnal period than those in the normal subjects even after adjusting for eyes, age, gender, CCT, and axial length (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Icare PRO provides a well-tolerated approach for 24-h IOP monitoring in habitual position. Twenty-four-hour IOP in habitual position is more sensitive for detecting high nocturnal IOP peaks and greater IOP fluctuation for POAG patients.

Mean amplitude of intraocular pressure excursions: a new assessment parameter for 24-h pressure fluctuations in glaucoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is important in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and its circadian fluctuations are important in the disease management; however, there are no adequate parameters to describe the fluctuations. This study investigates a new parameter, mean amplitude of intraocular pressure excursion (MAPE), and compares its ability in assessing 24-h IOP fluctuations with other ocular parameters. METHODS: Only the right eye was evaluated in each of the 79 healthy people and 164 untreated patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Each participant underwent 24-h IOP monitoring by measuring IOP every 2 h. IOP fluctuations were expressed as MAPE calculations and currently used parameters included mean IOP, standard deviation of IOP, max difference and area under the circadian IOP curve. Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were also performed. Associations between visual field deficits and IOP fluctuation parameters were investigated via partial least squares (PLS) regression. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). RESULTS: Compared with healthy volunteers, the MAPE values in POAG patients were higher (4.16 ± 1.90 versus 2.45 ± 0.89, p < 0.01). In PLS regressions where visual field deficits were as dependent variable, MAPE had the highest score regarding variable importance in projection, and its standard regression coefficient was larger than other parameters. Diagnostic performance analysis showed the area under ROC of MAPE for glaucoma detection was 0.822 (0.768-0.868, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MAPE might be an effective parameter in clinic to characterise IOP circadian fluctuations.

[Study on changes of intraocular pressure within 24 hours in primary open angle glaucoma and normal eyes].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the discipline of intraocular pressure (IOP) variation, through circadian intraocular pressure monitoring in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and normal controls, with a view to provide basis for individualized treatment of glaucoma. METHODS: Subjects were enrolled from the outpatients of Shanghai Beizhan Hospital and Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, which were diagnosed as primary open angle glaucoma, from April 2006 to April 2009. Totally there were 102 cases of patients and 83 cases of normal volunteers. All the subjects accepted 24-hour IOP measurements using non-contact tonometer every two hours starting from 8:00 am. And the IOP between 00:00 to 06:00 am was measured in sitting position immediately after wake up. RESULTS: The differences of peak IOP [(16.0 ± 2.7) mm Hg of right eye and (16.2 ± 2.7) mm Hg of left eye in normal group; (25.3 ± 5.6) mm Hg of right eye and (24.8 ± 5.1) mm Hg of left eye in POAG group], valley IOP (11.1 ± 2.5) mm Hg of right eye and (11.0 ± 2.3) mm Hg of left eye in normal group; (16.3 ± 3.7) mm Hg of right eye and (16.2 ± 3.3) mm Hg of left eye in POAG group, average IOP (13.4 ± 2.5) mm Hg of right eye and (13.4 ± 2.5) mm Hg of left eye in normal group; (19.9 ± 4.3) mm Hg of right eye and (19.8 ± 3.8) mm Hg of left eye in POAG group), and IOP fluctuations (5.0 ± 1.6) mm Hg of right eye and (5.2 ± 1.7) mm Hg of left eye in normal group; (9.1 ± 3.6) mm Hg of right eye and (8.6 ± 3.8) mm Hg of left eye in POAG group between two groups were all of statistically significance (P < 0.01). Notably, the peak IOP of 59.6% in normal control group and 73.5% in POAG group were outside working hours, especially in the time period from 00:00 to 06:00 am. The peak value of 50% in normal group and 64.7% in POAG group located between 00:00 to 06:00 in the morning. CONCLUSIONS: By comparison and analysis, 24-hour intraocular pressure measurement could provide us pre-treatment basic state, so as to provide detailed information for individualized treatment. If possible, it is suggested that 24-hour IOP monitoring should be added as a routine examination of primary open angle glaucoma.