[Effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on gut microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea rats].

This study aims to explore the effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on gut microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D) rats. A total of 36 male SD rats were randomly classified into the control group, model group, rifaximin group(150 mg·kg~(-1)), and high-dose(8.125 g·kg~(-1)), medium-dose(4.062 5 g·kg~(-1)) and low-dose(2.031 3 g·kg~(-1)) Gegen Qinlian Decoction groups with the random number table method, 6 in each group. After modeling, rats were treated for 8 days. The general state, bristol stool chart(BSC) score, and the minimum volume threshold for abdominal withdrawal reflex were recorded. Pathological changes of colon tissues were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining, and gut microbiota was analyzed based on 16 S rRNA sequencing. Compared with the model group, rifaximin group and high-dose and medium-dose Gegen Qinlian Decoction groups showed low BSC score(P<0.01) and high minimum volume threshold for abdominal lifting(P<0.05). HE staining showed that Gegen Qinlian Decoction could relieve intestinal inflammation. 16 S rRNA sequencing suggested obvious variation of gut microbiota in IBS-D rats. Gegen Qinlian Decoction significantly raised the richness index and diversity index of gut microbiota, regulated the number of the flora, and improved alpha diversity and beta diversity. Species composition of gut microbiota and LEfSe analysis showed that Gegen Qinlian Decoction could significantly increase the ratio of Bacteroidota to Firmicutes, elevate the abundance of probiotics such as Clostridia and Lachnospirales, and reduce the abundance of conditional pathogens such as Bacteroidales, and Prevotellaceae. PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that Gegen Qinlian Decoction was mainly related to multiple metabolic pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In summary, Gegen Qinlian Decoction can significantly reduce visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-D rats, alleviate intestinal inflammation, and relieve clinical symptoms such as diarrhea. The mechanism is the likelihood that it regulates the composition and structure of gut microbiota and improves its metabolic pathway as well.

[Association of cytochrome P450 gene MSP1 polymorphism and risk of preterm].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cytochrome p450 gene (CYP1A1)MSP1 polymorphisms with preterm delivery. METHODS: Between July 1999 and June 2001, we conducted a case-control study using infant-parent triads including 247 families with full-term infants and 249 families with preterm delivery infants in Anqing, China. We extracted DNA from umbilical cord blood of the infants and vein blood of their parents,and performed PCR followed by restriction enzyme MspI digestion for genotyping the CYP1A1 gene MSP1 polymorphism. We used log-linear modeling to analyze the association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphism with the risk of preterm delivery. RESULTS: CYP1A1 gene C/C6235 increased the risk of preterm delivery both in infants (RR=1.80, 95% CI=1.02-3.18) and in their mothers (RR=1.82, 95% CI=1.11-2.98) significantly. There was no interaction between mothers' and children's CYP1A1 MSP1 genotypes. The variant alleles of CYP1A1 MSP1 of control triads accorded with Mendelian transmissions. CONCLUSION: Both infant and maternal CYP1A1 C/C6235 genotype both can increase the risk of preterm delivery in our study population, which suggests a possible role of human cytochrome P450 variability in the etiology of preterm delivery.

Mother's and child's methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism is associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of the C677T polymorphism of the 5,10-methyleneterahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene with preterm delivery(PTD) and low birth weight (LBW). METHODS: A total of 250 normal gestational age families and 250 PTD families were enrolled in the study. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion were used for genotyping the polymorphism of MTHFR C677T. A Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test approach based on the log-linear model was used to analyze the relationship of MTHFR gene polymorphism and risk of PTD and LBW. RESULTS: Firstly, we checked the Mendelian transmissions of the variant alleles of MTHFR 677T in PTD and LBW control-parent-triads using TDT test, respectively. These analyses of controls support Mendelian transmission. When children's genotypes were considered, the MTHFR CT and TT genotypes could significantly increase the risk of PTD and LBW, compared to the genotype of MTHFR CC, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MTHFR CT and TT genotypes were 2.01,1.21-3.32 1.82, 1.02-3.26 in PTD group, and were 1.87, 1.08-3.24;1.90, 1.02-3.54 in LBW group respectively. When mother's genotypes were considered, the MTHFR gene polymorphism was not associated with PTD and LBW. Meanwhile, we also examined the association of mothers' and children's combined genotypes of MTHFR C677T with the risk of PTD and LBW, and did not find any significant interaction between mothers' and children's genotypes. CONCLUSION: The infant MTHFR CT and TT genotypes are responsible for mothers' PTD and LBW in our study population. It supports that the non-Mendelian transmission among preterm children is due to a causal association between the MTHFR 677T variant alleles and preterm delivery and MTHFR gene likely affects LBW via shortened gestation (PTD).

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene G308A polymorphism is associated with the risk of preterm delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha)/G308A and preterm delivery (PTD). Between July 1999 and June 2001, we conducted a molecular epidemiological study on genetic determinants of PTD at Anqing Hospital, China. METHODS: In a case-control-parent triads study, we investigated a total of 133 nuclear families: 79 normal gestational age families and 54 PTD families. A DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used to genotype for the presence of TNF-alpha/G308A polymorphism. RESULTS: Gestational age was analyzed as a binary variable. Multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that TNF-alpha/A308A genotype was significantly increased the risk of preterm delivery (OR = 0.039, 95% CI: 1.14-128.75). In consistence with the population based multiple logistic regression analysis, Family Based Association Test (FBAT) analysis showed that TNF-alpha/308A allele was associated with preterm delivery as 308A-recessive inheritance model and 308A-additive inheritance model both gave rise to the significant result (P = 0.040 and P = 0.018 respectively). CONCLUSION: Carriage of the mutant 308A allele of TNF-alpha/G308A polymorphism is associated with preterm delivery, which may be genuine etiologic factors of PTD.