RESUMO
Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary drug resistance among HIV-1 patients in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and to provide corresponding basis and data support for HIV antiviral therapy (ART) in Hubei Province. Methods During 2020-2022, plasma samples of HIV-1 infected patients before ART were collected., Patients’ demographic data and baseline laboratory test data were also collected. HIV-1 pol region was amplified by in-house method for sub-type typing and drug-resistant mutation site analysis. Results The pol gene sequence was successfully amplified in 242 of 285 cases, with a success rate of 84.9%. CRF07_BC was the predominant HIV-1 sub-type, accounting for 47.11% (114/242), followed by CRF01_AE, accounting for 25.21% (61/242), sub-type B, accounting for 14.16% (35/242), and CRF55_01B, accounting for 4.13% (10/242). The primary resistance rate was 6.20% (15/242). The mutation site of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was mainly M184V, and the mutation sites of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were mainly E138A/G/EG and V179E. These different mutation sites led to different degrees of drug resistance to 12 drugs. The incidence of drug resistance mutation of CRF55_01B sub-type was significantly higher than that of other sub-types. Conclusion The primary drug resistance rate of HIV-1 infected patients is at a slightly high level in Hubei Province, and close monitoring of primary drug resistance and mutation sites should be strengthened before ART, especially for CRF55_01B sub-type.
RESUMO
Most COVID-19 patients can build effective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after recovery(1, 2). However, it remains unknown how long the protection can maintain and how efficiently it can protect people from the reinfection of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we evaluated the sera from 248 COVID-19 convalescents around one year post-infection in Wuhan, the earliest epicenter of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) maintains at a high level and potently neutralizes the infection of the original strain (WT) and the B.1.1.7 variant in most patients. However, they showed varying degrees of efficacy reduction against the other variants of concern (P.1, B.1.525, and especially B.1.351) in a patient-specific manner. Mutations in RBD including K417N, E484K, and E484Q/L452R (B.1.617) remarkably impair the neutralizing activity of the convalescents sera. Encouragingly, we found that a small fraction of patients sera showed broad neutralization potency to multiple variants and mutants, suggesting the existence of broadly neutralizing antibodies recognizing the epitopes beyond the mutation sites. Our results suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effectiveness relies more on the timely re-administration of the epitope-updated vaccine than the durability of the neutralizing antibodies.
RESUMO
Objective To analyze the positive results of HIV antibody screening in the laboratory of AIDS confirmation center of Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2014 to 2020, and to provide a basis for improving detection strategies. Methods A total of 2 728 primary screening positive specimens received by the laboratory of Hubei confirmation center from 2014 to 2020 were retested with two reagents. Specimens with at least one reactive result were confirmed with western blot (WB). The samples with uncertain or negative WB results were further confirmed by nucleic acid quantitative detection. The test results were analyzed retrospectively. Results A total of 2 297 specimens with positive retest results were confirmed by WB, with a positive rate of 93.47%. The highest proportion of patients was from medical institutions. The positive rate detected by 4 diagnostic kits was apparently higher in S/CO＞10 cases than that in S/CO≤10, and the difference was statistically significant (P 5 000cps / ml, and 12 cases were TND. 13 of the 30 WB negative samples had nucleic acid test results＞5 000CPs/mL . Conclusions The coverage of HIV screening laboratories in hospitals at all levels should be further increased to find more HIV infected persons. The anti-HIV ELISA S/CO ratio is correlated with the positive results confirmed by western blot. Therefore, ELISA S/CO ratio can be used to predict anti-HIV antibody positivity. For samples with uncertain or negative WB detection, supplemental nucleic acid test should be carried out timely for early diagnosis.
