RESUMO
Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the most important strains of probiotics. Some are normal flora of human mucous membranes in the gastrointestinal system, skin, urinary tract, and genitalia. There is evidence suggesting that LAB has an antiviral effect on viral infections. However, these studies are still controversial; a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the antiviral effects of LAB on viral infections. Methods: The systematic search was conducted until the end of December 17, 2022, using international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline (via PubMed). The keywords of our search were lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus (as well as its species), probiotics, antiviral, inhibitory effect, and virus. Results: Of 15.408 potentially relevant articles obtained, 45 eligible in-vivo human studies were selected for inclusion in the study from databases, registers, and citation searching. We conducted a systematic review of the antiviral effects of the LAB based on the included articles. The most commonly investigated lactobacillus specie were Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei. Conclusion: Our study indicates that 40 of the selected 45 of the included articles support the positive effect of LAB on viral infections, although some studies showed no significant positive effect of LABs on some viral infections.
RESUMO
Aim: This study aimed to estimate the survival rates among Iranian gastric cancer patients and to evaluate if the survival has improved during the last three decades. Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran with high mortality. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies addressing gastric cancer survival in Iran was performed. International databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Iranian databases were included in the study. The study included databases from their inception till February 2022. Due to the inherent heterogeneity, we used a random effect model to pool the survivals in three categories of one, three, and five-year survivals. Results: Thirty-three studies with total cases of 17,207 were included in the study. The overall (pooled) one, three, and five-year survivals were estimated as 58.9% (95% CI: 0.52, 0.66), 29.9% (95% CI: 0.25, 0.35), and 18.2% (95% CI: 0.15, 0.23), respectively. Results of subgroup analysis for the calendar years of study showed that the one, three, and five-year survival rates increased during the last three decades but the results were not statistically significant. There was the disparity in survival based on geographic distribution. Conclusion: The results of our study which has pooled many studies for a long period of time clearly indicate that the survival rates of gastric cancer patients have improved. As the improvement of survival may be due to many factors, more studies is needed to understand the dynamic behind this improvement.
RESUMO
COVID-19 pneumonia has invaded the world and continues to expand. The current evidence of the immune system reaction to this viral pneumonia shows that the post-infectious immunity against the virus may be temporary, and the virus may reinfect the patients after healing from the previous one. Here is presented a 55-year-old female patient, as a known case of Hodgkin lymphoma, diagnosed with COVID-19 reinfection during 40 days. Such evidence may be helpful in further understanding the immunology of the disease.
