Minimum length of the adaptation and collection period in digestibility trials with sheep fed ad libitum only forage or forage plus concentrate.

Two in vivo digestibility trials with sheep were conducted to identify the minimum period length of feeding a new diet to obtain reproducible values of nutritional variables onward and the minimum length of collection period as to obtain maximal precision for each variable. Trial 1 was conducted with ten Polwarth male sheep (34 ± 5 kg body weight (BW)) throughout three 21-day periods, in a completely randomized two-way crossover design. The animals were divided into two groups (Group A and B, n = 5 per group) which were fed ad libitum with a sequence of the following diets throughout the periods: Group A: hay - hay plus concentrate - hay; Group B: hay plus concentrate - hay - hay plus concentrate. The concentrate was included in a proportion of 0.33 of the total diet. The intake, and the faecal and urinary excretion were measured daily throughout the experiment. For evaluating rumen fermentation variables, in Trial 2 four Santa Inês male sheep (65 ± 5 kg BW) fitted with ruminal cannula were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 2 per group), and the trial was conducted through four 21 days experimental period, in a three-way crossover design, using experimental diets and feeding management similar to Trial 1. The results indicated that, even though no clear or consistent steady-state condition was identified for rumen fermentation or urinary excretion variables, the adaptation period for measuring OM digestibility in in vivo trials with sheep fed ad libitum where the diet shifts from one of only hay to another containing concentrate, or vice-versa, should be at least 12 days long. Moreover, although no precision improvement was obtained by increasing the collection period above 1 day for measuring OM digestibility, the minimal length of collection period should be 4 days for measuring faecal excretion variables and 7 days for measuring urinary excretion variables.

Avaliação de métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para ruminantes / Evaluation of laboratorial methods to estimate the digestibility and energetic value of ruminant diets

Foi avaliada a acurácia dos métodos laboratoriais para estimar a digestibilidade e o valor energético de dietas para bovinos de corte. As dietas experimentais foram isonitrogenadas e compostas por silagem de milho e 25, 40, 55 ou 70 por cento de concentrado. Os valores de digestibilidade medidos in vivo foram comparados com os obtidos nos ensaios in situ, in vitro e in vitro/gases, e com valores estimados a partir de equações matemáticas baseadas na composição química das dietas. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com quatro bovinos em delineamento em quadrado latino 4×4. Quatro animais foram usados para o ensaio in situ e quatro corridas foram realizadas para os ensaios in vitro. Não houve interação significativa de dietas versus métodos. As taxas de degradação calculadas a partir dos ensaios in situ e in vitro/gases não foram acuradas para estimar o valor nutritivo dos alimentos, e o método in vitro foi o que melhor estimou a digestibilidade das dietas. A equação de Weiss superestimou o valor nutricional das dietas por superestimar a digestibilidade da fibra e por subestimar a excreção endógena fecal, mas essa equação foi mais acurada que as equações de McDowell.

The accuracy of laboratorial methods to estimate the digestibility and energetic value of beef cattle diets was evaluated. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous and composed by corn silage, and 25, 40, 55, or 70 percent of concentrate. Digestibility values measured in vivo were compared to those obtained in situ, in vitro, and in vitro/gases assays, as well to values estimated from mathematical equations based on the chemical composition of diets. The in vivo assay was carried out using four cattle in a Latin Square experimental design. Four animals were used for in situ assay and four runs were carried out for in vitro assays. Significant interaction of method vs. diet was not observed. As single indicators, degradation rates calculated from in situ and in vitro/gas assays were not accurate to estimate the nutritive value of feeds. Among all tested methods, the in vitro assay was the most accurate to estimate the digestibility of diets. Weiss equation overestimated the nutritional value of diets by overestimated fiber digestibility and by underestimated fecal endogenous excretion. However, it was more accurate than McDowell equations.