Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Nodal Metastases in Endometrial Carcinoma: Is it Possible?: A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: Lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors in endometrial cancer and crucial for deciding adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the different models used to predict lymphatic nodal disease. SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search was conducted to detect the relevant studies. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Relevant papers comparing the preoperative modality with the final histopathological results including randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, and any publications with a minimum of 50 patients in the report. RESULTS: Molecular-based predictors are still far from a practical application. Preoperative radiological scans (positron emission tomography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound) have shown the best predictor of lymphatic dissemination. However, there is currently no ideal model available, which can be used within standard clinical care. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical staging still remains the criterion standard in the determination of lymph node status in endometrial cancer.

[An unusual intraurethral foreign body: a case report]. / Corps étranger inhabituel intra-urétral : à propos d'un cas.

In medical literature there are several case reports of foreign bodies introduced into the urethra. Foreign bodies are usually inserted as result of erotic activities, psychiatric disorders and, rarely, in an attempt to evacuate the urine. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and imaging tests. Endoscopic management is the treatment of choice but, in some cases, open surgery may be necessary. The therapeutic approach should be systematically complemented by a psychiatric assessment of the patient. We report the case a 64-year old man with a personal history of behavioral disorders who introduced an electric wire in his urethra. The patient underwent endoscopic extraction under regional anesthesia. The patient at the time of discharge was referred to a psychiatrist.