Quantification of rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration trend and their interrelationship in sub-climatic zones of Bangladesh.

Rainfall, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) have a significant influence on irrigation, aridity, flooding, and crop water requirements. The primary aims of this study were to analyze the trends in rainfall, temperature, and ET0 in seven sub-climatic zones of Bangladesh from 1989 to 2020, as well as examine their interrelationships. The Modified Mann-Kendall method was employed to assess trends, while linear regression was used for trend validation. ET0 was calculated using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method, and Sen's slope was utilized to quantify the magnitude. Spatial analysis was conducted using Inverse Distance Weighting techniques. The findings revealed that annual rainfall increased only in the south-eastern zone, while the other zones experienced a decline. No significant changes were observed in annual maximum temperature, except in the south-eastern, north-eastern, and south-central zones, which showed variations ranging from 0.02 to 0.05 (°C/year). However, the yearly minimum temperature increased in all zones. Additionally, negative changes were observed in the annual magnitude of ET0 for all zones and seasons, except for the south-eastern and north-eastern zones, with a range of 0.01-0.02 mm/year. It was also noted that rainfall and ET0 displayed a strong decreasing relationship, except during the pre-monsoon season. Regarding regional variation, the northern regions exhibited a significant decreasing trend in both rainfall and ET0. The study identified key challenges, including water scarcity and irrigation difficulties due to declining rainfall and evapotranspiration, increased aridity, changing flood patterns, temperature-related impacts on crop growth, regional disparities in climate trends, and the need for effective climate change adaptation measures. Therefore, the study's findings can contribute to knowledge in areas such as irrigation scheduling, promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, encouraging crop diversification to reduce dependence on water-intensive crops cultivation, and planning resilient water resource management to minimize the effects of environmental shifts, regulate human operations, and implement disaster remedial actions in Bangladesh.

Spatiotemporal evaluation of drought trend during 1979-2019 in seven climatic zones of Bangladesh.

Evaluation of drought is essential and useful to eradicate climate change impact. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatiotemporal drought intensity trend in seven climatic zones of Bangladesh during 1979-2019. Mann-Kendall trend test and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are employed to identify drought trend and status, whereas spatial visualization is checked through Inverse Distance Weighting Interpolation. The study's findings emphasize the decreasing rate of SPEI in all climatic zones except the south-eastern zone, which is > 0.0065, >0.007, >0.0128, and >-0.0001 for SPEI 09 12, 24, and 06, respectively. Furthermore, the northern region has the highest value in SPEI in some periods with the highest decrease rate in SPEI 06, SPEI 09, SPEI 12 demonstrates greater drought responsibilities. The Barisal (.>-3.75), Rangpur (>-3.65), Dinajpur ((>-3.00), Rajshahi (>-4.35), Bogra (>-4.50), Ishurdi (>-3.45), Faridpur (>-4.30) and Madaripur (>-2.10) found under extreme drought-prone climatic zone. Thus, the study recommends taking initiatives and management for water resources to adopt mitigation planning for drought-prone climatic zones.

Clinical manifestations along with biochemical and psychological outcomes of COVID-19 cases in diabetic individuals in Bangladesh

Background and aimsThis study investigated the clinical manifestations, outcomes and long-term complications of COVID-19 inpatients in Bangladesh while emphasizing on individuals having diabetes. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted for a sample of COVID-19 inpatients across four different hospitals of Bangladesh between April 1st and June 30, 2020. Variation in clinical characteristics, contact history, comorbidities, treatment pattern, and long-term complications were investigated. ResultsThere were 734 COVID-19 presentations in this study of which 19.8% of patients had diabetes. 76% were male and 85% of the patients had been administered with all vaccine doses during childhood. The most frequently occurring blood groups among patients with diabetes were B (+) ve (35%) and O (+) ve (31%). Among biochemical parameters, glucose, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Troponin levels were significantly elevated amidst the cohort with diabetes. The frequency of insulin dependent individuals increased three-fold during COVID-19. A number of COVID-19 patients with diabetes have been suffering from long term complications post recovery including pain, discomfort, memory loss and sleep disturbance. ConclusionIndividuals with diabetes have experienced severe manifestation of COVID-19 and post disease complications. Further in-depth studies focused on larger sample sizes are entailed to assess the relationships elaborately.

Epidemiology and clinical outcome of COVID-19: A multi-centre cross sectional study from Bangladesh

ObjectivesTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 associated epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Bangladesh to understand the course of COVID-19 pandemic and suggest prevention measures. MethodsA cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted among 1,021 RT-PCR confirmed but recovered COVID-19 cases from six participating hospitals in Bangladesh. ResultsOf the total sample, 111 (10.9%) cases were asymptomatic while the number of symptomatic cases were 910 (89.1%). Higher prevalence of COVID-19 persisted in the male population (75%) and for the 31-40 age group. More than 85% of the samples reported BCG vaccination mark. Common symptoms observed in our study samples were fever (72.4%), cough (55.9%), loss of taste (40.7%) and body ache (40%); whereas for the biochemical parameters, Neutrophil (46.4%), D-dimer (46.1%), Ferritin (37.9%) and SGPT (36.8%) levels were found elevated. Post-COVID complications including pain (31.8%), loss of concentration (24.4%) and anxiety or depression (23.1%) were found significantly prevalent. ConclusionOur study has shown that adult males aged between 31-40 in Bangladesh are more vulnerable to being infected with COVID-19. With an indication for the rising trend of the asymptomatic cases, deployment of interventions to curb further community spread is necessary to avoid the grave outcomes of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.