New and effective cassava bagasse-modified biochar to adsorb Food Red 17 and Acid Blue 9 dyes in a binary mixture.

A promissory technic for reducing environmental contaminants is the production of biochar from waste reuse and its application for water treatment. This study developed biochar (CWb) and NH4Cl-modified biochar (MCWb) using cassava residues as precursors. CWb and MCWb were characterized and evaluated in removing dyes (Acid Blue 9 and Food Red 17) in a binary system. The adsorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity at all pH levels studied, showing its versatility regarding this process parameter. The equilibrium of all adsorption experiments was reached in 30 min. The adsorption process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics and extended Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process is physisorption, exhibiting exothermic and spontaneous characteristics. MCWb exhibited highly efficient and selective adsorption behavior towards the anionic dyes, indicating maximum adsorption capacity of 131 and 150 mg g-1 for Food Red 17 and Acid Blue 9, respectively. Besides, MCWb could be reused nine times, maintaining its original adsorption capacity. This study demonstrated an excellent adsorption capability of biochars in removing dyes. In addition, it indicated the recycling of wastes as a precursor of bio composts, a strategy for utilization in water treatment with binary systems. It showed the feasibility of the reuse capacity that indicated that the adsorbent may have many potential applications.

Influence of gelatin type on physicochemical properties of electrospun nanofibers.

This study explores the fabrication of nanofibers using different types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish gelatins. The gelatins exhibited distinct molecular weights and apparent viscosity values, leading to different entanglement behavior and nanofiber production. The electrospinning technique produced nanofibers with diameters from 47 to 274 nm. The electrospinning process induced conformational changes, reducing the overall crystallinity of the gelatin samples. However, porcine gelatin nanofibers exhibited enhanced molecular ordering. These findings highlight the potential of different gelatin types to produce nanofibers with distinct physicochemical properties. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between gelatin properties, electrospinning process conditions, and the resulting nanofiber characteristics, providing insights for tailored applications in various fields.

EVALUATION OF THE SATISFACTION OF REMOTE TEACHING IN POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN HEALTH: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW / EVALUACIÓN DE LA SATISFACCIÓN CON LA ENSEÑANZA A DISTANCIA EN CURSOS DE POSTGRADO EN SALUD: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA / AVALIAÇÃO DA SATISFAÇÃO DO ENSINO REMOTO EM CURSOS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Objective: To analyze and identify in the scientific literature how remote teaching is being used and how it was evaluated in postgraduate health courses. Methods: Systematic review with a search in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), with the descriptors distance education, remote learning, residency, graduate studies and health in Portuguese and English, between 2017 and 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: From 750 initial results, 19 articles were included. The United States leads with the largest number of publications on the subject. The evaluation of students who studied through remote teaching is positive. Conclusion: Remote teaching was introduced very quickly for a large number of specialties in the world, with this, even showing positive aspects in this type of teaching, some negative points were evident and that future improvements must be made

Objetivo: Analizar e identificar en la literatura científica el uso de la enseñanza a distancia y su evaluación en los cursos de posgrado en salud. Métodos: Revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Medline, Lilacs, BDEnf, IBECS, BBO y BDENF con los descriptores educación a distancia, aprendizaje a distancia, residencia, estudios de posgrado y salud entre 2017 y 2021, en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial identificó 750 resultados. En la fase de análisis de títulos y resúmenes quedaron 66 estudios. Finalmente, se incluyeron 19 artículos. Estados Unidos lidera con el mayor número de publicaciones sobre el tema. La valoración de los alumnos que estudiaron a través de la docencia a distancia es positiva. Conclusión: La enseñanza a distancia se implementó muy rápidamente para una gran cantidad de especialidades en el mundo, con lo que, aun mostrando aspectos positivos en este tipo de enseñanza, se evidenciaron algunos puntos negativos y que se deben realizar mejoras futuras

Objetivo: Analisar e identificar na literatura científica a utilização do ensino remoto e sua avaliação em cursos de pós-graduação em saúde. Métodos: Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, BDEnf, IBECS, BBO e BDENF com os descritores educação a distância, ensino remoto, residência, pós-graduação e saúde entre 2017 a 2021, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: A busca inicial identificou 750 resultados. Na fase de análise dos títulos e resumos sobraram 66 estudos. Por fim foram incluídos 19 artigos. Os Estados Unidos lideram com o maior número de publicações acerca do tema. A avaliação dos discentes que estudaram através do ensino remoto é positiva. Conclusão: O ensino remoto foi colocado de forma muito rápida para uma grande quantidade de especialidades no mundo, com isso, mesmo evidenciando-se aspectos positivos nesse tipo de ensino, ficou evidente alguns pontos negativos e que se deve fazer melhorias futuras.

Chitosan-based nanocapsules by emulsification containing PUFA concentrates from tuna oil.

Chitosan nanocapsules containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrates from tuna oil, with EPA + DHA contents around 57% (w w-1), were developed by emulsification process, using different chitosan concentration (1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, w v-1) and stirring speed (10,000, 15,000, 20,000 rpm). The effects of these parameters on particle size and zeta potential were evaluated. The physical and oxidative stabilities were used to measure the product quality during storage. Chitosan concentration, stirring speed and its interaction significantly affected (p < 0.05) the particle size. In addition, chitosan concentration significantly affected (p < 0.05) the zeta potential of nanocapsules emulsion. Based on the results of physical and oxidative stabilities, the nanocapsules were stable for 30 days under refrigeration temperature (7 °C), and with 1.5-2% chitosan resulted in improved protection against oil oxidation. The nanocapsules produced with 2% chitosan and 10,000 rpm showed the lowest variations of polydispersity index and nanocapsules size after 30 days of storage (221.8 ± 3.0 nm). These conditions can be considered the most suitable to produce nanocapsules of PUFA concentrates from tuna oil using chitosan as wall material. These nanocapsules showed physical characteristics and oxidative stability, which could enable their application in the food industry, representing an important source of EPA and DHA fatty acids.

PsicoQuilombologia: escrevivência de uma psicologia das encruzilhadas em tempos pandêmicos / PsychoQuilombology: writexperience of a psychology of crossroads in pandemic times / PsicoQuilombología: escrivivencia de una psicología de la encrucijada en tiempos pandémicos

O texto é um relato de experiência da participação no Grupo de Estudos psicoQuilombologia ocorrida nos meses de setembro de 2020 a março de 2021, período atravessado pela segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é apresentar o conceito-movimento de psicoQuilombologia como uma proposta epistemológica quilombola de agenciamento de cuidado e saúde, com base em uma escuta que se faça descolonial e inspirada no fecundo e ancestral acervo de cuidado dos povos africanos, quilombolas e pretos, preservado e atualizado em nossos quilombos contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é a escrevivência, método desenvolvido por Conceição Evaristo que propõe uma escrita em que as vivência e memórias estão totalmente entrelaçadas, imersas e imbricadas com a pesquisa. O resultado das escrevivências dessa pesquisa descortinam que os povos pretos desenvolveram práticas de cuidado e acolhimento às vulnerabilidades do outro, enraizadas no fortalecimento de laços e conexões coletivas de afetos e cuidado mútuos. Práticas de cuidado que articulam memória, ancestralidade, tradição, comunidade, transformação, luta, resistência e emancipação, engendrando modos coletivos de ser e viver. Nas quais cuidar do outro implica tratar suas relações e situar o cuidado como extensão de uma cura que se agencia no coletivo. O trabalho conclui apontando que o cenário pandêmico vigente acentua a pungência de se desenvolver estratégias de cuidado baseadas em epistemologias pretas e quilombolas, valorizando os sentidos de ancestralidade, comunidade, pertencimento e emancipação.(AU)

The text is an experience report of the participation in the psicoQuilombology Study Group that carried out from September 2020 to March 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The purpose of the report is to introduce the concept-movement of psicoQuilombology as a quilombola epistemological proposal for the development of care and health, based on a decolonial listening and inspired by the rich care collection of African peoples, quilombolas and Blacks, preserved and updated in our contemporary quilombos. The methodology used is writexperience [escrevivências], a method developed by Conceição Evaristo who proposes a writing in that the experiences and memories are totally involved with the research. The result of the writability of this research show that Black people have developed practices of care and acceptance of the other's vulnerabilities, based on the strengthening of ties and collective connections of mutual affection and care. Care practices that mix memory, ancestry, tradition, community, transformation, struggle, resistance and emancipation, outlining collective ways of being and living. The core idea is that taking care of the other means treating your relationships and maintaining care as an extension of a cure that takes place in the collective. The paper concludes by pointing out that the current pandemic scenario demonstrates the urgent need to develop care strategies based on black and quilombola epistemologies, valuing the senses of ancestry, community, belonging and emancipation.(AU)

Este es un reporte de experiencia de la participación en el Grupo de Estudio psicoQuilombología que ocurrió en los meses de septiembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021, periodo en que Brasil afrontaba la segunda ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Su propósito es presentar el concepto-movimiento de psicoQuilombología como una propuesta epistemológica quilombola para el desarrollo del cuidado y la salud, basada en una escucha decolonial e inspirada en el rico acervo asistencial de los pueblos africanos, quilombolas y negros, conservado y actualizado en nuestros quilombos contemporáneos. La metodología utilizada es la escrivivencia, un método desarrollado por Conceição Evaristo quien propone una escrita en que las vivencias y los recuerdos están totalmente involucrados con la investigación. El resultado de la escrivivencia muestra que las personas negras han desarrollado prácticas de cuidado y aceptación de las vulnerabilidades del otro, basadas en el fortalecimiento de lazos y conexiones colectivas de afecto y cuidado mutuos. Prácticas de cuidado que mezclan memoria, ascendencia, tradición, comunidad, transformación, lucha, resistencia y emancipación, perfilando formas colectivas de ser y vivir. El cuidar al otro significa tratar sus relaciones y mantener el cuidado como una extensión de una cura que tiene lugar en lo colectivo. El trabajo concluye que el actual escenario pandémico demuestra la urgente necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de atención basadas en epistemologías negras y quilombolas, y que valoren los sentidos de ascendencia, comunidad, pertenencia y emancipación.(AU)

Antimicrobial Bilayer Film Based on Chitosan/Electrospun Zein Fiber Loaded with Jaboticaba Peel Extract for Food Packaging Applications.

This work focused on developing an active bilayer film based on natural extract. Thus, the jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) was produced and characterized and showed promising application as a natural additive in biopolymeric materials. The zein fiber and bilayer films were produced using a chitosan film (casting) and zein fiber (electrospinning), with and without JPE. All samples were evaluated according to thickness, solubility in water, water vapor permeability, and main diameter, and for these, zein fiber, chitosan/zein fiber, and chitosan/zein fiber + 3% JPE showed values of 0.19, 0.51, and 0.50 mm, 36.50, 12.96, and 27.38%, 4.48 × 10-9, 1.6 × 10-10, and 1.58 × 10-10 (g m-1 Pa-1 s-1), and 6.094, 4.685, and 3.620 µm, respectively. These results showed that the addition of a second layer improved the barrier properties of the material when compared to the monolayer zein fiber. The thermal stability analysis proved that the addition of JPE also improved this parameter and the interactions between the components of the zein fiber and bilayer films; additionally, the effective presence of JPE was shown through FTIR spectra. In the end, the active potential of the material was confirmed by antimicrobial analysis since the bilayer film with JPE showed inhibition halos against E. coli and S. aureus.

Chitosan-based nanofibers for enzyme immobilization.

The widespread application of soluble enzymes in industrial processes is considered restrict due to instability of enzymes outside optimum operating conditions. For instance, enzyme immobilization can overcome this issue. In fact, chitosan-based nanofibers have outstanding properties, which can improve the efficiency in enzyme immobilization and the stability of enzymes over a wide range of operating conditions. These properties include biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, non-toxicity, presence of functional groups (amino and hydroxyl), large surface area to volume ratio, enhanced porosity and mechanical properties, easy separations and reusability. Therefore, the present review explores the advantages and drawbacks concerning the different methods of enzyme immobilization, including adsorption, cross-linking and entrapment. All these strategies have questions that still need to be addressed, such as elucidation of adsorption mechanism (physisorption or chemisorption); effect of cross-linking reaction on intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and the effect of internal and external diffusional limitations on entrapment of enzymes. Moreover, the current review discusses the challenges and prospects regarding the application of chitosan-based nanofibers in enzyme immobilization, towards maximizing catalytic activity and lifetime.

Physico-chemical interactions of a new rod-coil-rod polymer with liposomal system: Approaches to applications in tryptophan-related therapies.

This work describes the synthesis of the new supramolecular rod-coil-rod polymer, designated as cholesterol-PEO1000-tryptophan (Chl-PEO-Trp), as well as its effects on the physico-chemical properties of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based liposomes. The molecular interactions between the Chl-PEO-Trp and PC were characterized by HATR-FTIR, DSC, NMR, DLS and zeta (ζ) potential techniques. The Chl-PEO-Trp polymer yield was 75 %. FTIR and DSC data showed that the motion of almost all PC groups was restricted by the polymer, and it promoted a decrease of the trans-gauche isomerization of the PC methylene, restricting the mobility of the hydrophobic region of the liposomes. NMR analyses indicated a Chl-PEO-Trp-induced restriction in the rotation of the PC phosphorus and a discreet increase of the hydrogen mobility of the choline. Despite this increase in the rotation of the choline, DLS and ζ-potential analyses suggested a reorientation of the choline group toward the system surface, which contributed, along with the other physico-chemical effects, to a globally packed membrane arrangement and reduced liposome size. Data described in this work were correlated to possible applications of the Chl-PEO-Trp in its free or PC liposome-loaded forms in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, SARS caused by coronaviruses, and central nervous system-related diseases.

Development of chitosan/Spirulina sp. blend films as biosorbents for Cr6+ and Pb2+ removal.

Chitosan film, Spirulina sp. film and its blend were developed as biosorbents to remove Cr6+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The kinetic study and the pH effect on biosorption efficiency were evaluated to comprehend the interactions between the ions and biosorbents. The characterization analyses pointed out that occurred interaction between both biomaterials, which resulted in structural alterations through the blend. The Spirulina sp. film exhibited the highest biosorption capacities for Cr6+ (43.2 mg g-1) and Pb2+ (35.6 mg g-1) ions, however, its physical integrity was not kept in acid medium. The blend film showed results slightly lower (35.8 mg g-1 for Cr6+ and 31.6 mg g-1 for Pb2+), but its physical integrity remained intact in all assays. Chitosan film presented the lower biosorption capacities (15.4 mg g-1 for Cr6+ and 20.9 mg g-1 for Pb2+). Elovich and pseudo-second order models were the most suitable to express the kinetic behaviors for Cr6+ and Pb2+, respectively. Therefore, chitosan/Spirulina sp. blend could be a green alternative for Cr6+ and Pb2+ removal, because this biosorbent showed high biosorption capacity obtained from Spirulina sp. and great physical integrity obtained of chitosan.

Production of low molecular weight chitosan by acid and oxidative pathways: Effect on physicochemical properties.

Chitosan-based biomaterials with a low molecular weight (LMW) have been drawn attention due to the promising applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study the effect of two distinct depolymerization pathways on the chitosan physicochemical properties. Chitosan was submitted to depolymerization reaction to obtain chitosan with low molecular weight (LMW), using the oxidative pathway (H2O2) and the acid pathway (HCl). The molecular weight reduction was investigated by kinetic study and chain scission mechanism. Chitosan characterization was performed according to its viscosimetric average molecular weight and deacetylation degree, respectively, through the viscosimetric method and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The structural integrity was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystalline and thermal properties were investigated, respectively, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TGA)/ differential thermal (DTA)/ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The water-chitosan interaction study was used to estimate the chitosan solubility. The results pointed out that both pathways resulted in chitosan with low molecular weight (<50 kDa). Moreover, the structural integrity of chitosan polymeric chains was preserved after depolymerization by oxidative pathway, while the acid pathway modified the polymer chain arrangement. Therefore, the chemical pathways resulted in two distinct low molecular weight chitosans, which allows different applications in food science.

Prenatal quality and clinical conditions of newborns exposed to syphilis / Qualidade do pré-natal e condições clínicas dos neonatos expostos à sífilis

INTRODUCTION: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. Congenital syphilis can lead to miscarriage, prematurity, bone deformities, hearing loss and other important clinical changes OBJECTIVE: To analyze prenatal quality and clinical conditions of newborns exposed to syphilis in a public maternity hospital in Rio Branco-Acre. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study that included 92 mothers diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy, attended from July to December 2017. Two pregnant women had fetal death, and the final sample consisted of 90 newborns exposed to syphilis. An interview with the postpartum woman was used, analysis of the pregnant woman's card and search for information from the pregnant woman's records and newborns. It was considered confirmed case of syphilis in pregnant woman: a) All pregnant women who presented non-treponemal reagent test with any titration and reagent treponemal test performed during prenatal care; b) Pregnant woman with reagent treponemal test and nonreactive or unreacted non-treponemal test, without previous treatment record. To characterize congenital syphilis we considered: a) newborn whose mother was not diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy and who presented a non-treponemal test reactive with any titration at the time of delivery; b) child whose mother was not diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy and had a non-treponemal test reagent at the time of delivery; c) newborns whose mother presented a reactive treponemal test and a nonreactive non-treponemal test at the moment of delivery, without previous treatment record. RESULTS: Most newborns were born in normal delivery (65.5%), 17.8% had acute fetal distress and 11.2% required resuscitation maneuvers. Prematurity occurred in 10% of births and 12.2% of them were small for gestational age. Complete prenatal care was performed by 29.5% of the mothers, following the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of seven visits to the Health Unit and or Health Professional. From the 90 pregnant women, 79 had a reactive treponemal test when admitted to the maternity ward. 29.3% of them performed the treatment properly. In the analysis about the treatment of the sexual partner, it was reported that 58% did not adhere to syphilis treatment. CONCLUSION: The prenatal quality of pregnant women with syphilis was lower than that recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, although there are few cases of syphilis as the primary outcome in newborns with childbirth with mothers diagnosed with syphilis. Prenatal, newborn, syphilis in pregnancy, congenital syphilis.

INTRODUÇÃO: A sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível causada pelo Treponema pallidum, e resulta em morbidade e mortalidade consideráveis. A sífilis congênita pode cursar com aborto, prematuridade, deformidades ósseas, perda auditiva e outas alterações clínicas importantes. OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade do pré-natal e as condições clínicas dos neonatos expostos à sífilis em uma maternidade pública de Rio Branco-Acre MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo transversal e que incluiu 92 puérperas com diagnóstico de sífilis na gestação, atendidas no período de julho a dezembro de 2017. Duas gestantes tiveram óbito fetal, sendo que a amostra final foi constituída de 90 recém-nascidos expostos à sífilis. Utilizou-se de entrevista com a puérpera, análise do cartão da gestante e busca de informações junto aos prontuários da gestante e recém-nascidos. Considerou-se caso confirmado de sífilis em gestante: a) Toda grávida que apresentou teste não treponêmico reagente com qualquer titulação e teste treponêmico reagente realizados durante o pré-natal; b) Gestante com teste treponêmico reagente e teste não treponêmico não reagente ou não realizado, sem registro de tratamento prévio. Para caracterização da sífilis congênita considerou-se: a) recém-nascido cuja mãe não foi diagnosticada com sífilis durante a gestação e que, apresentou teste não treponêmico reagente com qualquer titulação no momento do parto; b) criança cuja mãe não foi diagnosticada com sífilis durante a gestação e apresentou teste não treponêmico reagente no momento do parto; c) recém-nascidos cuja mãe apresentou teste treponêmico reagente e teste não treponêmico não reagente no momento do parto, sem registro de tratamento prévio. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos recém-nascidos nasceu de parto normal (65.5%), sendo que 17,8% apresentaram sofrimento fetal agudo e 11,2% necessitaram de manobras de reanimação. A prematuridade ocorreu em 10% dos nascimentos e 12,2% deles eram pequenos para idade gestacional. O pré-natal completo foi realizado por 29,5% das puérperas, seguindo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde de sete visitas à Unidade de Saúde e ou Profissional de Saúde. Das 90 gestantes, 79 apresentaram teste treponêmico reagente quando admitidas na maternidade, sendo que 29,3% delas realizaram o tratamento de forma adequada. Na análise acerca do tratamento do parceiro sexual, relatou-se que 58% não aderiram ao tratamento da sífilis. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade do pré-natal das gestantes com sífilis foi inferior ao recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, embora haja poucos casos de sífilis como desfecho primário nos recém-nascidos oriundos de parto com mães diagnosticas com sífilis.

Biosorption of glycerol impurities from biodiesel production onto electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers: equilibrium and thermodynamic evaluations.

The increase in biodiesel production has been leading to an excess amount of crude glycerol and, consequently, serious environmental issues. For this reason, electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers (CB-EN), composed by chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), were synthesized to apply in the biosorption of impurities from industrial glycerol. To evaluate the biosorption efficiency, the chitosan-based nanofiber was compared to other chitosan-based biosorbents (chitosan biopolymeric film and chitosan powder). The equilibrium and thermodynamic studies were successfully performed to comprehend the interaction mechanisms through the biosorption of glycerol pigments onto electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers. The temperature effect was evaluated by experimental equilibrium curves. Freundlich and BET models were used to estimate isotherm parameters. Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change, entropy change, and isosteric heat of biosorption were quantified. The equilibrium curves showed that the highest equilibrium relative adsorption (340.7 g-1) was reached at 60 °C. The BET model was the most suitable to represent the equilibrium behavior. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption was spontaneous, exothermic, random, and energetic heterogeneous. Therefore, this work developed a green and efficient alternative to refine industrial glycerol. Graphical abstract Note: This data is mandatory. Please provide.

Chitosan-functionalized nanofibers: A comprehensive review on challenges and prospects for food applications.

Chitosan exhibits outstanding properties, which allow a wide range of applications. For this reason, chitosan-based biomaterials have been developed over the years and, among these biomaterials, chitosan-based nanomaterials may significantly change the material properties, which could result in some exceptional features. Indeed, chitosan-based nanofibers have a larger surface area:volume ratio than the bulk materials at macro scale. Moreover, chitosan-based nanofibers could lead to enhanced porosity and mechanical properties, which could also improve surface functionalities, and consequently, the range of applications. However, the diversity in sources of raw materials and the production processes for the development of chitosan might provide distinct physicochemical characteristics. Because the varieties of chitosan have been limited in the most part the nanofibers synthesis, the current review describes an extensive research concerning the development of chitosan-based nanofibers and summarizes the different techniques for the nanofibers production; in addition to point out the effects of chitosan characteristics on the spinnability of the solution. Furthermore, the present review explores some potential studies in relation to the chitosan-based nanofibers applied to food technology, including active food packaging, nanofood carrier and enzyme immobilization.

Differences in the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus-a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence in the literature in regard to the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM+PD) compared to non-diabetic subjects (NDM+PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted at Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database from 1980 to 2016, supplemented by hand searching as needed. Studies presenting with at least one of the primary outcomes (presence of any subgingival microorganisms, proportion and/or the amount of any subgingival plaque bacteria in T2DM+PD versus NDM+PD) were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate. RESULTS: From 611 citations, 19 full-text papers were screened and 11 articles were included for critical appraisal by both reviewers. Some evidence of a difference in the microbial profile between chronic PD subjects with and without T2DM was identified. The strength of evidence is strongest in Tannerella forthysia (T .forsythia) which was reported to be less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group in five of the studies, followed by a weaker strength of evidence for other periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), which were also found less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group . CONCLUSION: Only few studies have compared T2DM+PD with NDM+PD. It is therefore strongly recommended that further studies which include four distinct groups of participants (NDM+PD, T2DM+PD, NDM+NPD, T2DM+NPD) instead of using intra-subject comparisons between healthy and diseased sites of the same subjects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Differences in bacterial populations of T2DM+PD in comparison to NDM+PD subjects may indicate the need of different protocols for the treatment of the diabetic patients with periodontal disease.

Description of the periodontal pocket in preclinical models: limitations and considerations.

Establishment of periodontal health and regeneration of the lost periodontal tissues are always the ultimate goal of periodontal treatment. The development of new therapeutic approaches raises the necessity for appropriate experimental models that present periodontal structures and healing capability comparable to humans. Preclinical research and extrapolation of the data to human conditions remains a stage of great importance before the clinical application of the new biomaterials and techniques. Periodontal pockets/defects in preclinical models can be induced experimentally through acute or chronic or a combination of both (induced) modalities. The features of the created defects and those of humans vary greatly mostly due to the nature of the periodontal disease. This is an important point to take into account, since it is well recognized that the potential of periodontal therapy may be dependent on both the biological background and the defect morphology. This review provides insight into the commonly used preclinical models for the reproduction of the periodontal pocket and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model in terms of similarity to human conditions, standardization and reproducibility.

Apresentação de forma rara de coledocolitíase e análise de conflitos gerados pela solicitação de exames complementares / A rare form of choledocholithiasis and an analysis of conflicts generated by request of complementary tests

Coledocolitíase refere-se à presença de cálculos no ducto biliar comum e é secundário à passagem de cálculos da vesícula biliar para o ducto colédoco. A associação dos critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e ultrassonográficos determina sensibilidade de 98% para o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase. A sensibilidade para detectar cálculos segundo os exames de imagens pouco varia entre as técnicas disponíveis, representando acurácia de 90% para ultrassonografia abdominal. A medicina avança continuamente através de novos meios de diagnóstico. À medida que novas tecnologias surgem, anamnese e exame físico aprofundado são desvalorizados. Quanto mais exames forem solicitados, maior a chance de resultados falso-positivos, e resultados mal interpretados podem ocasionar adiamentos e cancelamentos de procedimentos essenciais. O relato refere-se a uma paciente do sexo feminino apresentando icterícia, febre, dor em hipocôndrio direito, transaminases excessivamente elevadas e ultrassom abdominal compatível com cálculo na vesícula biliar e material no colédoco terminal. O relato objetiva evidenciar que a integração entre história, exames físicos e laboratoriais é fundamental para se determinar quais exames adicionais solicitar. A paciente apresentava quadro de coledocolitíase e colangite evidenciados ao exame físico e testes complementares. Entretanto, solicitou-se colangiorressonância ­ desnecessariamente ­ para confirmação diagnóstica a uma paciente sem condições financeiras para investigação adicional. É indiscutível que os modernos recursos tecnológicos proporcionam meios necessários para diagnóstico mais preciso. Deve-se basear em critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e ultrassonográficos na investigação de coledocolitíase. Os exames são como a própria denominação se dá (complementares), e eles servem para auxiliar, complementar o raciocínio médico, e não para, sozinhos, realizar o diagnóstico (AU)

Choledocholithiasis refers to the presence of stones in the common bile duct and is secondary to the passage of calculi from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. The association of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic criteria determines a 98% sensitivity for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. The sensitivity to detect stones according to imaging varies little across the available techniques, representing an accuracy of 90% for abdominal ultrasonography. Medicine advances continuously through new diagnostic means. As new technologies emerge, anamnesis and in-depth physical examination are devalued. The more tests are requested, the greater the chance of false-positive results, and misinterpreted results may lead to delays and cancellations of essential procedures. The report refers to a female patient with jaundice, fever, right hypochondrium pain, excessively elevated transaminases, and abdominal ultrasound consistent with stone in the gallbladder and material in the terminal bile duct. The aim of the report is to show that the integration between history, physical and laboratory tests are fundamental to determine which additional tests to request. The patient had a picture of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis evidenced on physical examination and complementary tests. However, cholangio resonance was requested ­ unnecessarily ­ for diagnostic confirmation to a patient who could not afford further investigation. It is indisputable that modern technological resources provide the means needed for more accurate diagnosis. The investigation of choledocholithiasis should be based on clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic criteria. The tests are like the denomination itself (complementary), and they serve to aid, complement the medical reasoning, and not to make the diagnosis alone (AU)

Efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora precoce no desenvolvimento de bebês em um abrigo residencial / Effects of an early motor intervention program for the development of infants in residential shelters center

Objetivos: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção motora precoce no desenvolvimento motor de bebês de abrigos de Porto Alegre, entre 1 e 14 meses. Métodos: Ensaio clinico randomizado com 13 bebês no Grupo Interventivo (GI) e 12 bebês no Grupo Controle (GC). Os bebês foram avaliados pela Alberta Infant Motor Scale e o GI realizou dois meses de intervenção (perseguir objeto com os olhos, manipular brinquedos e controle postural). Resultados: Nas comparações intra grupos, o GC não apresentou diferença no seu desenvolvimento pré e pós intervenção. O GI teve aumento no percentual de normalidade e redução no atraso motor no pós intervenção. Nas comparações entre os grupos, houve significância na pré-intervenção, pois os bebês do GI eram mais atrasados. Na pós intervenção a diferença não permaneceu significativa devido à melhora acentuada no GI. Considerando as posturas, o GI obteve resultados significativos em prono, supino, sedestação, ortostase. O GC obteve significância apenas em ortostase, podendo ser justificada pela maior média de idade nesse grupo. Conclusão: Os bebês do GI melhoraram sua classificação no desenvolvimento motor.

Aim: To assess the effects of an early motor intervention program in the motor development of babies in Porto Alegre shelters, between 1 and 14 months. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 13 infants in the interventional group (IG) and 12 infants in the control group (CG). Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) assessed the babies and the GI held two months of intervention (to chase object, manipulate toys and postural control).Results: Not different from the pre motor development and post-intervention in the CG. GI had an increase in the percentage of normal and reduced motor delay. In the comparison between the groups, there was significance in the pre intervention, since the GI infants were more backward. In the post intervention, the difference did not remain significant due to the marked improvement in the GI. The GI also obtained significant results in the positions prone, supine, sedestation, orthostatic. The GC obtained significance only in orthostatic, and can be justified by the highest average age in this group. Conclusion: IG Babies improved their motor development rating.

Mesothelin as a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

The objective of this work was to estimate the accuracy of mesothelin as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. A quantitative systematic review was performed. A comprehensive search of the Medline, LILACS, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Biomed Central, and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted from January 1990 to June 2015. For inclusion in this systematic review, the papers must have measured mesothelin levels in at least two histological diagnoses; ovarian cancer (borderline or ovarian tumor) vs. benign or normal ovarian tissue. For each study, 2 x 2 contingency tables were constructed. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. The verification bias was performed according to QUADAS-2. Statistical analysis was performed with the software Stata 11, Meta-DiSc(r) and RevMan 5.2. Twelve studies were analyzed, which included 1,561 women. The pooled sensitivity was 0.62 (CI 95% 0.58 - 0.66) and specificity was 0.94 (CI 95% 0.92 - 0.95). The DOR was 38.92 (CI 95% 17.82 - 84.99). Our systematic review shows that mesothelin cannot serve alone as a biomarker for the detection of ovarian cancer.

Respiratory therapy: a problem among children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations in pediatric patients (6-17 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to ascertain whether the different levels of adherence correlate with pulmonary function, clinical aspects, and quality of life. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The patients and their legal guardians completed a questionnaire regarding adherence to physical therapy recommendations and a CF quality of life questionnaire. We collected demographic, spirometric, and bacteriological data, as well as recording the frequency of hospitalizations and Shwachman-Kulczycki (S-K) clinical scores. RESULTS: We included 66 patients in the study. Mean age, FEV1 (% of predicted), and BMI were 12.2 ± 3.2 years, 90 ± 24%, and 18.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high-adherence (n = 39) and moderate/poor-adherence (n = 27). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding age, gender, family income, and total S-K clinical scores. There were statistically significant differences between the high-adherence group and the moderate/poor-adherence group, the latter showing lower scores for the "radiological findings" domain of the S-K clinical score (p = 0.030), a greater number of hospitalizations (p = 0.004), and more days of hospitalization in the last year (p = 0.012), as well as lower scores for the quality of life questionnaire domains emotion (p = 0.002), physical (p = 0.019), treatment burden (p < 0.001), health perceptions (p = 0.036), social (p = 0.039), and respiratory (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Low self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations was associated with worse radiological findings, a greater number of hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life in pediatric CF patients.

Respiratory therapy: a problem among children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis / Fisioterapia respiratória: um problema de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística

Objective : To evaluate the level of self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations in pediatric patients (6-17 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to ascertain whether the different levels of adherence correlate with pulmonary function, clinical aspects, and quality of life. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study. The patients and their legal guardians completed a questionnaire regarding adherence to physical therapy recommendations and a CF quality of life questionnaire. We collected demographic, spirometric, and bacteriological data, as well as recording the frequency of hospitalizations and Shwachman-Kulczycki (S-K) clinical scores. Results : We included 66 patients in the study. Mean age, FEV1 (% of predicted), and BMI were 12.2 ± 3.2 years, 90 ± 24%, and 18.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high-adherence (n = 39) and moderate/poor-adherence (n = 27). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding age, gender, family income, and total S-K clinical scores. There were statistically significant differences between the high-adherence group and the moderate/poor-adherence group, the latter showing lower scores for the "radiological findings" domain of the S-K clinical score (p = 0.030), a greater number of hospitalizations (p = 0.004), and more days of hospitalization in the last year (p = 0.012), as well as lower scores for the quality of life questionnaire domains emotion (p = 0.002), physical (p = 0.019), treatment burden (p < 0.001), health perceptions (p = 0.036), social (p = 0.039), and respiratory (p = 0.048). Conclusions : Low self-reported adherence to physical therapy recommendations was associated with worse radiological findings, a greater number of hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life in pediatric CF patients.

Objetivo : Avaliar o grau de adesão autorrelatada às recomendações fisioterapêuticas em pacientes pediátricos (6-17 anos) com fibrose cística (FC) e determinar se os diferentes níveis de adesão se correlacionam com a função pulmonar, aspectos clínicos e qualidade de vida. Métodos : Estudo transversal no qual os pacientes e responsáveis responderam um questionário sobre a adesão à fisioterapia recomendada e um questionário da qualidade de vida em FC. Foram coletados dados demográficos, espirométricos e bacteriológicos, assim como a frequência de internações e resultados do escore clínico de Shwachman-Kulczycki (S-K). Resultados : Participaram 66 pacientes. As médias de idade, VEF1 (em % do previsto) e IMC foram, respectivamente, 12,2 ± 3,2 anos, 90 ± 24% e 18,3 ± 2,5 kg/m2. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: alta adesão (n = 39) e moderada/baixa adesão (n = 27). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas para idade, sexo, renda familiar e escore clínico de S-K total na comparação dos dois grupos. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos alta adesão e moderada/baixa adesão, este último mostrando valores significativamente menores para o domínio "achados radiológicos" do escore clínico de S-K apresentou (p = 0,030), um maior número de hospitalizações (p = 0,004) e de dias de internação no último ano (p = 0,012), assim como menores escores para os seguintes domínios do questionário de qualidade de vida: emocional (p = 0,002), físico (p = 0,019), tratamento (p < 0,001), saúde (p = 0,036), social (p = 0,039) e respiratório (p = 0,048). Conclusões : A baixa adesão autorrelatada às recomendações fisioterapêuticas associou-se com piores achados radiológicos, maior número de hospitalizações e diminuição da qualidade de vida em pacientes pediátricos com FC.