Study of Changes in Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Level during Postmenopausal Period of Women in Bangladesh.

The study was designed to evaluate the serum alkaline phosphatase level may be altered in postmenopausal women. This case-control study was carried out in the Department of the Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from January 2015 to December 2015. The subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive (non-random) method. This study included 50 postmenopausal women as case. The results were compared with 50 apparently healthy pre-menopausal women as control. All statistical analysis was done by SPSS windows package. The values were expressed as Mean±SD. Statistical significance of difference between two groups was evaluated by using student's unpaired t-test. Serum alkaline phosphatase level was analyzed. Serum alkaline phosphatase was determined by using colorimetric method. The mean value of serum alkaline phosphatase was 325.56±76.79 U/L respectively in Group B (Case) and 136.50±76.50 U/L respectively in Group A (Control). The level of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased in Group B (Case). Menopause has an effect on serum alkaline phosphatase which leads to increased risk of development of osteoporosis. This study may facilated the clinicians and gynaecologists to update their knowledge in regard to serum alkaline phosphatase level of women associated with menopause.

Age Related Changes in the Purkinje Cells in Human Cerebellar Cortex in Bangladeshi People.

This study was done to see the changes in the number of Purkinje cells per square mm in different age groups of Bangladeshi people. This cross-sectional descriptive type of study was done on total 40 postmortem human cerebellums, in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. The specimens were collected from morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, by purposive sampling technique. All the specimens were grouped into four categories: Group A (20 to 29 years), Group B (30 to 39 years), Group C (40 to 49 years) and Group D (50 to 59 years). Paraffin blocks of cerebellum were cut at 4-5µm thickness and stained with routine "Haematoxylin and Eosin" (H & E) stain. Estimation of number of Purkinje cell was done by using the counting circle and examined under the light microscope. In the present study, the mean±SD number of Purkinje cell was found 128.67±25.15 per sq mm in Group A, 136.53±34.45 in Group B per sq mm, 135.55±29.44 per sq mm in Group C, 127.69±35.31 per sq mm in Group D.

Morphological Changes of Length of Prostate in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common prostatic problem for men older than age 50. It is a condition in men in which the prostate is enlarged but it is not cancerous. The prostate goes through 2 (two) main growth periods as a person ages. The first happens early in pubescence, when the prostate doubles in size. The second stage of growth begins around age twenty five and continues throughout most of a man's life. Benign prostatic hyperplasia often occurs with second growth phase. In the treatment of prostatic disorders, estimation of the length of prostate has been used to select the surgical approach. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is preferred for small glands and open prostatectomy for larger ones. As the prostate gland is dependent on androgen for its growth, the prostatic length reflects the hormonal status of the subjects. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from April 2015 to September 2015 to find out the difference in length of the prostate of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The present study was performed on 67 postmortem human prostate glands collected from the morgue in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, by non random purposive sampling technique. The specimens were collected from Bangladeshi dead body, age starting from 10-80 years. All the specimens were classified into 3(three) classes - Group A (upto 18 years), Group B (19-45 years) and Group C (>45 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The length of the prostate was measured and recorded. The mean±SD length of the prostate was 1.76±0.60cm, 2.65±0.56cm and 2.88±0.70cm in Group A, B and C respectively. The maximum mean length of the prostate was in Group C (2.88cm) and minimum was in Group A (1.76cm). It was observed that the length of the prostate was increased with age. Variance analysis shows that mean differences of length of the prostate were highly significant among all age groups. The length of prostate gland was found to be increase with age. For statistical analysis, variations between age groups were analyzed by students unpaired 't' test. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the length of prostate gland of Bangladeshi people.

Variation in the Position and Diameter of Basilar Artery in Different Ages of Bangladeshi People.

Basilar artery is formed by the fusion of right and left vertebral artery and terminates as right and left posterior cerebral arteries. The aim of the study is to observe the diameter of basilar artery at three different levels (at its formation, at its midlevel and at its termination). This cross sectional descriptive study was performed on total 60 postmortem human hindbrain to find out the variation of position and diameter of the basilar artery of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The specimens were collected from morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh by purposive sampling technique. All the specimens were grouped into four categories: Group A (20 to 29 years), Group B (30 to 39 years), Group C (40 to 49 years) and Group D (50 to 59 years). Diameter of basilar artery was measured with the help of digital slide calipers at three different levels. At the level of its formation, mean±SD diameter was 3.76±0.37 mm, 3.75±0.32 mm, 3.68±0.24 mm & 3.54±0.46 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. At mid-level, it was 3.49±0.36 mm, 3.48±0.30 mm, 3.45±0.21 mm & 3.36±0.44 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. At the termination, it was 3.55±0.35 mm, 3.51±0.30 mm, 3.48±0.22 mm & 3.38±0.38 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. This knowledge of variations of the diameter of basilar artery is of diagnostic importance for the neurosurgeons and radiologists for clinical investigation and surgery.

Length of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People of Different Age and Sex.

A cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 postmortem vermiform appendix (male 34 and female 36) to find out the length of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people in different age and sex. The specimens were collected from autopsy laboratory of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2016 to March 2017 by purposive sampling technique. The collected samples were divided into four age groups. They were Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21 to 40 years), Group C (41 to 60 years) and Group D (above 60 years). Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The vermiform appendix was collected and preserved in 10% formol-saline solution. The length of the vermiform appendix was determined by measuring the distance from its base to tip with the help of a flexible thread. Then the thread was placed on measuring scale graduated in centimeter which represents the length of vermiform appendix. The data were analyzed by using student unpaired 't' test and compared with the findings of other national and international studies and standard text books. It was observed that length of vermiform appendix gradually decreased as age advanced. The mean±SD length of vermiform appendix was 9.41±1.26cm, 8.63±1.32cm, 7.96±1.20cm and 6.81±0.75cm in Group A, B, C and D respectively. Mean length of vermiform appendix in male was 9.92±1.55cm in Group A, 9.09±1.19cm in Group B, 8.04±1.10cm in Group C, 6.88±0.86cm in Group D and in female mean length of vermiform appendix was 9.12±1.06cm in Group A, 8.31±1.34cm in Group B, 7.79±1.60cm in Group C, 6.69±0.63cm in Group D. Statistical analysis shows that the mean differences of the length of vermiform appendix between A & D, B & D were statistically highly significant. The mean difference between Group A & C was moderately significant. Between Group C & D the difference was statistically significant and between Group A & B, B & C were statistically non significant. No significance difference of length of vermiform appendix between male and female was observed. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the length of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people.

Correlation of Triceps Skin Fold Thickness with Weight of Bangladeshi Garo Population.

This cross sectional, observational, descriptive and analytic type of study was designed to formulate a standard for Bangladeshi Garo population and an attempt has been made out to formulate a linear regression equation for estimation of weight from the triceps skin fold thickness in different areas of Mymensingh district (Mymensingh Sadar & Haluaghat Upazilla), Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2016. The material consists of 104 Garo people (60 male, 44 female) between 20-40 years of age in Bangladesh. The triceps skin fold thickness (Right & Left) was measured by spreading caliper. The weight was measured in standing erect, anatomical position with weighing machine. Data tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel. A positive correlation of weight was observed with triceps skin fold thickness and it was statistically highly significant for right side and significant for left side. The results of present study would be useful for Anthropologist and Forensic Medicine experts.

Correlation of Stature with Foot Length in 5-10 Years Aged Bangladeshi Children.

This cross sectional, descriptive and analytic type study was conducted among 5-10 years aged Bangladeshi children at different areas of Mymensingh district (Fulpur, Muktagacha, Fulbaria, Trisal and Haluaghat) on 109 Bangladeshi children (70 male and 39 female) from January 2016 to December 2016. Sample collection was done by nonrandom purposive sampling technique. Any kind of foot deformity resulting either from congenital or physical injury were excluded to construct standard measurement. The present anthropometric study was designed to construct data of 5 to 10 years aged Bangladeshi children regarding foot length, to measure correlation of stature with foot length and an attempt has been made out to grow interest among the researchers for future study and also to compare the data with the data of the people of other races. Stature of the subject was measured with the stadiometer and foot length was measured using slide calipers. The children were asked to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The mean foot length of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 years aged male were 16.72±1.11cm, 17.12±.72cm, 19.04±1.27cm, 19.10±.76cm, 20.11±1.25cm and 20.88±1.01cm respectively and those of same aged female were 16.44±1.2cm, 17.85±0.50cm, 18.53±0.76cm, 19.14±0.58cm, 19.87±1.88cm and 20.95±1.36cm respectively. Correlation between stature and foot length was made. Foot length showed non- significant positive correlation with stature in 5 years old male and female, 6 years old male, 7 years old male and female, 8 years old male and female, 9 years old and 10 years old female. In case of 9 years and 10 years old male, it showed significant positive correlation with stature. Comparison of foot length between male and female children was done by Unpaired Students 't' test which was statistically non-significant.

Anthropometric Study of Face on Bangladeshi Adult Garo Male.

The present cross sectional descriptive type of study provides a standard for Bangladeshi Garo male regarding physiognomical face height, morphological face height and maximum facial breadth in Mymensingh Sadar, Haluaghat, Madhuopor Upazilas from July 2015 to June 2016. An attempt has been made out to find out correlation of stature with the parameters and to measure different face index. The current study also generates different face types on the basis of morphological face index. The study was done on 121 Garo male between 25-45 years of age in Bangladesh. The measurements were taken by digital Vernier caliper and spreading caliper. The stature was measured in anatomical position with stadiometer. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS software. A significant positive correlation of stature was observed with physiognomical and morphological face height. But maximum facial breadth shows a non significant correlation with stature. The results of present study may be useful for physical anthropologist, Forensic Medicine experts, plastic and reconstructive surgeons.

An Anthropometric Study of Bimalleolar Breadth and its Relationship with Stature on Bangladeshi Garo People.

A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at different areas of Mymensingh (Haluaghat, Vatikashor and Kachijhuly) from July 2015 to June 2016 on 101 Bangladeshi Garo people. Among them 60 were male and 41 were female. Sample collection was done by nonrandom purposive sampling technique. Mixed ethnicity and any kind of foot deformity resulting either from congenital or physical injury were excluded to construct standard measurement for Garo ethnicity. Bimalleolar breadth was measured using slide calipers. The subjects were asked to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The maximum right and left bimalleolar breadth for male was found 8.32cm and 8.34cm respectively; minimum was 5.42cm and 5.43cm respectively. In case of female maximum right and left bimalleolar breadth was 9.63cm and 9.64cm respectively and minimum was 5.41cm for both feet. In this study, difference of mean bimalleolar breadth of male and female were statistically analyzed by using students unpaired 't' test which was highly significant. Correlation was done with stature and found significant in case of male but non-significant in case of female.

Study of Prostatic Volume and its Variations in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate are the most common disorders of Bangladeshi male in recent years. Volume of the prostate is necessary to estimate the amount of BPH adenoma to determine the appropriate therapy or to select the surgical approach. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is preferred for small glands and open prostatectomy for larger ones. Decrease in prostatic mass after hormonal manipulation or radiation therapy can be used as an indicator of therapeutic efficacy. The effect of prostate volume on biopsy outcome was assessed and was noted that there was an inverse relationship in between size of the gland and prostate cancer. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to find out the difference in volume of the prostate gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The present study was performed on 67 postmortem human prostate gland collected from the morgue in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College by non random purposive sampling technique. The specimens were collected from Bangladeshi cadaver of age ranging from 10 to 80 years. All the specimens were grouped into three categories: Group A (upto 18 years), Group B (19 to 45 years) and Group C (above 45 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The volume of the prostate gland were measured and recorded. The mean volume of the prostate gland was 13.75ml in Group A, 24.44ml in Group B and 29.72ml in Group C. Variance analysis shows that mean differences of volume of the prostate were highly significant among all age groups. The volume of prostate gland was found to be increased with increasing age. For statistical analysis, differences between age groups were analyzed by using students unpaired 't' test. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the volume of prostate gland of Bangladeshi people.

Anthropometric Study of Carrying Angle on Bangladeshi Garo People.

The present study was designed to construct an anthropometric data of 20-40 years aged 104 Bangladeshi Garo people (60 male and 44 female) regarding carrying angle and an attempt has been made out to grow interest among the researchers for future study and also to compare the data with the data of the people of other races. Participants were selected through purposive sampling for this cross sectional, observational, descriptive and analytic type study which was carried out in different areas of Mymensingh district (Haluaghat, Mymensingh Sadar), Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2016. The carrying angles of both side were measured by goniometer. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS software. Carrying angle was found to be higher in males but angle of inclination was higher in females. Comparison of differences of means between male and female was statistically significant. The results of present study would be useful for Anthropologist and Forensic Medicine experts.

Variations of Weight of Prostate Gland in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi Cadaver.

Now a days, benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate are the most common disorders in men. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh to find out the difference in weight of the prostate gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The present study was performed on 67 postmortem human prostate gland collected from the morgue in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College by non random purposive sampling technique. The specimens were collected from Bangladeshi cadaver of age ranging from 10 to 80 years. All the specimens were grouped into three categories - Group A (upto 18 years), Group B (19 to 45 years) and Group C (above 45 years) according to age. Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The weight of the prostate gland were measured and recorded. The mean weight of the prostate gland was 10.13gm in Group A, 17.27gm in Group B and 22.50gm in Group C. Variance analysis shows that mean differences of weight of the prostate were highly significant among all age groups. The weight of prostate gland was found to increase with increased age. For statistical analysis, differences between age groups were analyzed by using students unpaired 't' test. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the weight of prostate gland of Bangladeshi people.