Lipid disorders in children: diagnosis and treatment.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in western countries and pediatric lipid disorders create a lifelong continuous risk that starts from childhood. Increased knowledge and awareness on these disorders could prove to be life saving for many patients.

Retraction: Paraneoplastic IgA Vasculitis in an Older Adult With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17833.].

Retraction: Light Chain Glomerulopathy Causing Kidney Failure in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17850.].

Paraneoplastic IgA Vasculitis in an Older Adult With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis is a rare disease in the older adult patient population. It is often triggered by an underlying etiology such as infection or malignancy. Paraneoplastic cases have been reported in the geriatric population in literature but the exact prevalence is unknown. Diagnosis requires satisfaction of both clinical and laboratory criteria, with additional emphasis on finding an underlying etiology. Treatment is focused on supportive care and may include immunosuppressive therapy. However, targeting the primary cause is also important for improving outcomes. Our patient in this report presented with a novel case of paraneoplastic IgA vasculitis that likely occurred secondary to lung adenocarcinoma.

Light Chain Glomerulopathy Causing Kidney Failure in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare cause of kidney failure. It is associated with multiple myeloma and is diagnosed by the evaluation of serum and urine free light chains. Patients who are diagnosed with this disease often develop rapidly progressive renal failure. To our knowledge, it does not have any association with other malignancies aside from multiple myeloma. We present a case that highlights a novel association between renal cell carcinoma and light chain-mediated renal disease. Our patient was admitted due to acute renal failure and underwent a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation with an eventual diagnosis of light chain glomerulopathy in the setting of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

A Rare Case of Factor XIII Deficiency in the Setting of Cancer Immunotherapy.

Factor XIII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder, which may be congenital or acquired, and is most commonly diagnosed in early childhood. It has a prevalence that is as low as one in 5,000,000. Acquired factor XIII deficiency is considered to be a more rare form, with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. This disorder can be clinically characterized by recurrent and severe unexplained bleeding. This case describes a patient with no prior bleeding disorders, who suffered from recurrent bleeding episodes while being treated with cancer immunotherapy, specifically pembrolizumab, and was subsequently diagnosed with factor XIII deficiency. She required cryoprecipitate infusion due to the persistent bleeding and subsequently developed saddle pulmonary embolism. The patient was not a candidate for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) due to her recurrent bleeding and required mechanical thrombectomy. Given the timeline of symptoms, the patient likely developed acquired factor XIII deficiency due to her cancer immunotherapy.

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids and Cardiometabolic Derangements.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used among both competitive athletes and recreational athletes in order to gain a performance edge. Unfortunately, AAS generally carries a broad range of short term and long term adverse effects. These include endocrinological abnormalities, cardiovascular risks, psychological issues, and largely adverse effects on every organ system in the human body. While testosterone, and at times oxandrolone, are used for clinical purposes, AAS generally encompasses a very broad range of synthetic compounds that are used at high doses. In this case report, we look at a patient who has used the vast majority of common anabolic steroids over the past three decades and how these compounds may affect long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health. The purpose is to provide a primary care approach to this patient population.