Successful Treatment of Patient with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome with Combination of Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine and Valproate after Failure of Corpus Callosotomy.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy. Herein reported is a case of LGS that combination therapy with levetiracetam, lamotrigine and valproate culminated in control of all seizure types and resolution of epileptic discharges in electroencephalography. This case indicates that logical combination therapy may provide seizure control and improvement of electroencephalographic pattern in patients with LGS even in cases at which epileptic surgery fails.

Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, a case report.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 is a novel condition affecting all the world, so every manifestation of disease should be reported. Neurologic manifestations of the disease are increasingly identified and this will help clinician to improve their diagnostic and therapeutic skills in dealing with COVID-19 patients. CASE: In this article we report a 41-year-old male that developed ascending paresthesia and paralysis following infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. Electrodiagnostic evaluation in patient revealed demyelinating type polyneuropathy and patient diagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome (AIDP type) and treated with IVIG which resulted in favorable response. CONCLUSIONS: Considering this report and other reports that are mentioned in our short review, there is probably causal relationship between COVID-19 and development of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Exercise Improves Recognition Memory and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Beta Amyloid-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: A correlation between physical exercise and cognitive improvement has been found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on the recognition memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in beta amyloid (Aß) model of AD in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty male 8-week-old Wistar rats (250-280 g) were divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each) of control, sham surgery, Aß-received sedentary, Aß-received with aerobic exercise and Aß-received with resistance exercise. AD was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aß25-35 peptide. The sham surgery group received normal saline using the same route and condition. Two groups of Aß-received animals were trained by treadmill for aerobic exercise and by ladder for strength exercise for 8 weeks (4 days/week). Novel object recognition (NOR) task was used to assess recognitional memory in groups. AChE activity in the brain tissue was assessed using the Spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in memory index and AChE activity between the sham surgery and control groups (p > 0.05). Also, impairment of NOR indices was seen in the Aß-injected sedentary rats (p < 0.05). However, both aerobic and strength training improved the exploration index in this test (p < 0.05). Further, AChE activity increased in the Aß-injected sedentary group but declined in the aerobic and resistance exercise groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Aerobic and resistance exercise could improve recognition memory and decrease AChE activity in Aß-induced AD in rats. The decrease in AChE activity may be one of the mechanisms by which exercise improves cognition and memory in AD.