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1.
West Afr J Med ; 40(10): 1067-1071, 2023 Oct 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37906683

RESUMO

Childhood cancer patients are a vulnerable population who are adversely affected by any disaster that disrupts the healthcare ecosystem. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of flooding on access to care for childhood cancer patients in Bayelsa state, southern Nigeria. We review the effect of the 2022 flooding on childhood cancer care at the paediatric oncology unit of the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, southern Nigeria. The devastating floods caused closure of the health facility for four weeks. The challenges faced by the oncology patients included inability to access the facility due to destruction of roads and telecommunication networks, inaccessibility to chemotherapy drugs, postponement of surgeries, parental financial constraints due to income loss occasioned by the flood and worsened by inadequate health insurance. Two children, who were undergoing chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma had their care transferred to an unaffected secondary care facility 24km away. Through teamwork and determination, the oncology team was able to overcome various obstacles to provide uninterrupted care for the patients and improve on future patient care during disasters. Care for childhood cancer patients should be prioritized by healthcare facilities especially in predictable flood prone areas like Bayelsa state. Emphasis should be on disaster preparedness training, development of outstations equipped with patient information, chemotherapy drugs and other requirements for continued care to prevent adverse childhood cancer care outcomes.Les patients atteints de cancer pédiatrique constituent une population vulnérable fortement touchée par toute catastrophe perturbant l'écosystème de soins de santé. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire l'impact des inondations sur l'accès aux soins des patients atteints de cancer pédiatrique dans l'État de Bayelsa, dans le sud du Nigeria. Nous examinons l'effet des inondations de 2022 sur les soins du cancer pédiatrique à l'unité d'oncologie pédiatrique de l'Hôpital universitaire de la Niger Delta, dans le sud du Nigeria. Les inondations dévastatrices ont entraîné la fermeture de l'établissement de santé pendant quatre semaines. Les défis auxquels sont confrontés les patients en oncologie comprennent l'incapacité d'accéder aux installations en raison de la destruction des routes et des réseaux de télécommunication, l'inaccessibilité aux médicaments de chimiothérapie, le report des interventions chirurgicales, des contraintes financières parentales en raison de la perte de revenus causée par les inondations et aggravées par une assurance maladieinsuffisante. par le manque d'assurance maladie. Deux enfants, qui suivaient une chimiothérapie pour un rhabdomyosarcome et un rétinoblastome, ont vu leurssoinstransférésversunétablissementdesoinssecondairesnonaffecté à 24 km de là. Grâce au travail d'équipe et à la détermination, l'équipe d'oncologie a réussi à surmonter les différents obstacles pour assurer des soins ininterrompus aux patients et améliorer les soins futurs aux patients en cas de catastrophes. Les soins aux patients atteints de cancer pédiatrique devraient être une priorité pour les établissements de santé, en particulier dans les zones sujettes aux inondations prévisibles comme l'État de Bayelsa. L'accent devrait être mis sur la formation à la préparation aux catastrophes, le développement de postes extérieurs équipés d'informations sur les patients, de médicaments de chimiothérapie et d'autres éléments nécessaires pour assurer des soins continus, afin de prévenir des résultats défavorables dans les soins del'enfance atteinte de cancer. Mots-clés : Enfance, Cancer, Inondation, Force majeure.


Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Humanos , Criança , Nigéria , Instalações de Saúde , Atenção à Saúde
2.
West Afr J Med ; 40(6): 619-622, 2023 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37390296

RESUMO

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) refers to malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. It is a rare tumor globally but seen in higher prevalence in certain populations associated with the endemicity of Epstein- Barr Virus. It is usually seen in clinical settings in developing countries in late stages majorly due to poor health-seeking behavior, healthcare costs, and misdiagnosis arising from its vague and ambiguous symptoms. The outcome of NPC depends strongly on the stage at diagnosis and access to the right treatment which may prove challenging in low-resource settings where care is paid for out of pocket. We report three cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, its presentation, and a brief review of the literature on its epidemiology, histologic types, and outcomes in the peadiatric population.


Le carcinome nasopharyngé (CNP) est une tumeur maligne provenant de l'épithélium du nasopharynx. Il s'agit d'une tumeur rare à l'échelle mondiale, mais dont la prévalence est plus élevée dans certaines populations associées à l'endémicité du virus d'Epstein-Barr. Dans les pays en développement, elle est généralement observée à un stade tardif, principalement en raison d'un mauvais comportement de recherche de soins, des coûts de santé et des erreurs de diagnostic dues à ses symptômes vagues et ambigus. L'issue de la CPN dépend fortement du stade du diagnostic et de l'accès au traitement adéquat, ce qui peut s'avérer difficile dans les pays à faibles ressources où les soins sont payés de leur poche. Nous rapportons trois cas de carcinome nasopharyngé, leur présentation et une brève revue de la littérature sur l'épidémiologie, les types histologiques et les résultats dans la population pédiatrique. Mots-clés: Carcinome nasopharyngé, population pédiatrique, faible niveau de ressources.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Pesquisa , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia
3.
West Afr J Med ; 40(12): 1341-1346, 2023 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38261635

RESUMO

Childhood cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is the second-leading cause of non-communicable deaths among children worldwide with more than 90% of childhood cancer-associated mortality occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Disparity in mortality rates has been linked to late presentation, inaccurate diagnosis, treatment abandonment and poor access to appropriate therapy. Access to enhanced diagnostics such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) is vital for proper diagnosis and prompt institution of appropriate treatment for children with cancers. However, despite the ever-increasing insight into the use of these techniques for timely and accurate diagnosis of pediatric cancers; simple histological diagnosis remains the mainstay in most of the LMIC owing to financial constraints, unavailability of facilities and skilled manpower. Limited access results in imprecise diagnosis including missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and wrong diagnosis, subsequently resulting in increased cost of care and poor treatment outcomes. This article focuses on the benefits of precise diagnosis among children who presented with cancers in an LMIC and the observed reduction in the cost of care, length of hospital stay, and improved outcome in the observed cohort as well as how to improve and promote access.


Le cancer infantile est une cause significative de morbidité et de mortalité dans le monde. Il s'agit de la deuxième cause de décès non transmissible chez les enfants dans le monde, avec plus de 90 % de la mortalité associée au cancer infantile survenant dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. La disparité des taux de mortalité a été associée à une présentation tardive, un diagnostic inexact, l'abandon du traitement et un accès insuffisant à une thérapie appropriée. L'accès à des diagnostics améliorés tels que l'immunohistochimie (IHC) est essentiel pour un diagnostic précis et la mise en place rapide d'un traitement approprié pour les enfants atteints de cancers. Cependant, malgré les connaissances de plus en plus approfondies sur l'utilisation de ces techniques pour un diagnostic rapide et précis des cancers pédiatriques, le diagnostic histologique simple reste le pilier dans la plupart des pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire en raison de contraintes financières, de l'indisponibilité des installations et du manque de personnel qualifié. Un accès limité se traduit par un diagnostic imprécis, notamment des diagnostics manqués, des erreurs de diagnostic et des diagnostics erronés, entraînant par la suite une augmentation du coût des soins et de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. Cet article met l'accent sur les avantages d'un diagnostic précis chez les enfants présentant des cancers dans un pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, et sur la réduction observée du coût des soins, de la durée du séjour à l'hôpital, ainsi que sur l'amélioration des résultats dans la cohorte observée, ainsi que sur la manière d'améliorer et de promouvoir l'accès. MOTS-CLÉS: Pédiatrie, enfants, Immunohistochimie, Cancer.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Neoplasias , Humanos , Criança , Imuno-Histoquímica , Instalações de Saúde , Tempo de Internação
4.
Ren Fail ; 22(3): 283-95, 2000 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10843239

RESUMO

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 per group) were administered a single oral dose of cyclosporine A (10, 30 and 50 mg/day) for 5 days or vehicle (corn oil, 1.5 mL/kg) and urinary enzymes excretion was monitored. Only minor changes in enzymuria were observed in the 10 and 30 mg/kg group. However, in the 50 mg/kg group, nephrotoxicity was evident by significant increase in the excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH on day 2 of treatment. As chemotherapeutic drug interaction with cyclosporine A (CyA) is thought to aggravate its nephrotoxicity, the effect of combined CyA (30 mg/kg) and the antibiotic gentamicin (50 mg/kg) for 5 days was investigated. Gentamicin alone caused a significant enzymuria, whilst co-treatment of rats with CyA gave rise to increased changes in enzymuria on days 1 and 2, between the groups receiving gentamicin+vehicle and those receiving CyA+gentamicin. This was particularly marked by significant changes in LDH excretion. In contrast these observed differences were not paralleled by changes in serum creatinine and other functional parameters. Treatment with gentamicin, appears to enhance CyA nephrotoxicity, but only in the first 2 days, after this there was no significant differences between the two groups. Our data suggest that urinary enzyme measurements could serve as a valuable non-invasive means of monitoring renal performance in animals or humans who may be exposed to combination of drugs. CyA is found not to potentiate the nephrotoxic effect of gentamicin in the animal model used in this study. It therefore appears safe to use the combined therapy particularly in the treatment of transplant patients.


Assuntos
Ciclosporina/toxicidade , Enzimas/urina , Gentamicinas/toxicidade , Imunossupressores/toxicidade , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/enzimologia , Acetilglucosaminidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilglucosaminidase/urina , Administração Oral , Análise de Variância , Animais , Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas , Enzimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Glutamato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutamato Desidrogenase/urina , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/urina , Masculino , Probabilidade , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
5.
Immunol Lett ; 29(1-2): 99-103, 1991 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1916935

RESUMO

This paper reviews the current data which provide a rationale for the measurement of cyclosporin as a guide to therapy. Methodological problems related to sample matrix and analytical technique are considered, and the most commonly used methods considered. Factors which could influence the clinical interpretation of cyclosporin measurements are examined, including other drug therapy, compliance with therapy, cyclosporin metabolites, pharmacokinetic variables and sample timing. It is concluded that, whilst isolated measurements do not offer a definitive diagnostic tool, taken in context they can be of considerable value in optimising therapy.


Assuntos
Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Ciclosporina/sangue , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Humanos , Transplante de Órgãos
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