Effectiveness of mangrove sword bean food bar addressed to older people of landslide disaster victims.

Background: Older people require extra attention due to their reduced ability to prepare for disasters, as they adequately possess distinct needs. These groups necessitate uncomplicated, readily consumable, and palatable food options that fulfill their micronutrient needs. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of a snack bar enriched with api-api mangrove (Avicennia marina) and sword bean (Canavalia ensiformis) on the body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of older people individuals afflicted by a landslide event. Methods: A non-randomized pre-post-intervention study was undertaken, involving 31 senior participants. The intervention group consisted of 15 seniors who were provided with a mangrove sword bean snack bar, while the control group comprised 16 seniors who received a sword bean food bar during 15 days. All study participants received education on maintaining a balanced diet for older people individuals. The data analysis involved using univariate and bivariate analyses, explicitly applying the independent t-test and dependent t-test. Results: In the hedonic evaluation, the mangrove sword bean food bar had superior average attributes in terms of scent, flavor, texture, and color compared to the sword bean food bar. The consumption of snack bars made from mangrove sword beans resulted in a significant rise in weight (0.2 kg), energy intake (240.8 kcal), protein content (5.8 g), carbohydrate content (40.06 g), and fat content (4.4 g). Carbohydrate can significantly increase weight in the treatment subjects. Furthermore, the provision of comprehensive nutrition education has the potential to enhance the post-study knowledge score, as seen by the observed increase of 40.6. A significant disparity was observed between the mean carbohydrate consumption and understanding of balanced nutrition among the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Api-api mangrove sword bean snack bars have been identified as a viable and efficient substitute for emergency food provisions, particularly in disaster-stricken communities. These food bars have demonstrated a significant capacity to contribute to the weight gain of individuals within such groups, thus addressing the nutritional needs of impacted populations in the aftermath of natural calamities. Subsequent investigations may include employing pregnant women as participants to explore the issue above. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT05897892.

The driving factors behind urban communities' carbon emissions in the selected urban villages of Jakarta, Indonesia.

As there is a high number of urban communities and residential activities like electricity uses, transportation, food consumption, garbage production, and knowledge on climate change and carbon emissions, these affect the resulting carbon emissions in the city. However, the studies learn about the association between household and human activities, socio-demographic characteristic, carbon emissions and climate change knowledge on urban communities carbon emissions at Jakarta are still rare. This study aimed to assess whether daily human behavior, demographic variables, climate change knowledge, and carbon emissions knowledge affecting carbon emissions of urban communities. A cross-sectional study design was performed via a structured questionnaire survey and a jejakkarbonku application towards 200 respondents who were living in the two selected urban villages of Jakarta, Indonesia (Jatinegara and East Cengkareng). The results revealed that the mean urban communities' carbon emissions in the region were 4.4 tonnes CO2 eq/th. Electricity consumption in the kitchen and dining room produced the most carbon emissions (38.6%), and waste disposal activity produced the least (0.68%). Urban carbon emissions affected by employment status and income level, but not according to food consumption, garbage production, climate change and carbon emission knowledge. Climate change and carbon emissions knowledge influenced by marital and employment status. Although not significant, in theory, these two types of knowledge contribute indirectly to carbon emissions. Further research on the low carbon diet, intervention studies to increase deep awareness on the carbon emissions and climate change is needed to develop strategies reducing carbon emissions at urban communities.

Effectiveness of orange almond potato cookie vs. orange potato cookie supplementation on nutritional wellbeing of the Indonesian stunted preschool-aged children during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Preschool-aged children who experience stunting due to insufficient consumption of macro- and micronutrients exhibit weakened immune systems, rendering them susceptible to contracting COVID-19 during the ongoing epidemic. Therefore, it is imperative to implement interventions aimed at enhancing the nutritional status of preschool-aged children by providing them with nutrient-rich food supplements as a preventive measure against illness transmission. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating potato almond orange cookies into the diet on the nutritional status of preschool-aged children who are experiencing stunting. Methods: A non-randomized pre-post intervention study was done on 42 individuals aged 12-58 months during 4 weeks. The intervention group was provided with almond potato cookies, while the control group was given orange potato cookies. During the study period, educational sessions on balanced nutrition in preschool-aged children with stunting and COVID-19 were provided to the mothers of both groups. The data analysis involved conducting univariate and bivariate analyses, namely utilizing the independent t-test. Results: The intervention group exhibited the most significant enhancements in -for-Age Z-score. The mean -for-Age Z-score of the intervention group increased by 0.51 (from -3.15 to -2.64), whereas the control group saw a smaller gain of 0.25 (from -2.69 to -2.44). This increase was influenced by the mother's age; mother's education; father's occupation; family size; good sanitation facilities; healthy home environment; and fat, calcium, and zinc intake from the cookies (p < 0.05). From the perspective of knowledge about balanced nutrition and COVID-19, there was no significant difference in the -for-Age Z-score in the intervention group. Conclusion: The ingestion of orange almond potato cookies has the potential to enhance the nutritional wellbeing of children in the preschool age group who are experiencing stunted growth.

Effect of disaster training on knowledge regarding flood risk management amongst families with older people.

The elderly population is of utmost importance amongst vulnerable populations during disasters because they experience reduced functional abilities, cognitive disturbance, dementia, weak physical conditions and various degenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of disaster preparedness training on knowledge regarding flood disaster preparedness and management in families with older people. This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental pre-post design with 30 participants in natural hazard preparedness training using purposive sampling. The results of this study showed a significant change in general knowledge on disaster and flood (12.9 and 20 points, respectively). Disaster preparedness practice was good, as reflected in actions performed before, during and after disaster. Before a flood occurs, families prepare a disaster preparedness bag for important documents as well as logistics (e.g. food) for emergencies and equipment for evacuation whilst also storing valuable goods in a safe place. During floods, families prioritise older people's evacuation whilst seeking information about the flood through neighbours, walkie-talkies, handphones, television and radio as well as ensuring that the necessary logistics are taken care of. After the disaster, families clean their properties, provide clean water and toilet facilities for the family, check the health of family members that may be impacted by the flood and make sure that all electrical panels are safe. It is concluded that disaster training affects the knowledge of flood management in families with older people.

Effect of orange almond potato cookies supplementation on the nutritional status of underweight preschool-aged children during COVID-19 pandemic.

Most undernourished preschool-aged children have low hemoglobin and albumin levels, which leads to a higher risk of infections, including COVID-19. This study was designed to determine whether potato almond orange cookies increase weight, hemoglobin, and albumin) in undernourished preschool-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pre-post intervention study was conducted with 30 subjects during 8 weeks in which hemoglobin and albumin levels were recorded at the beginning and end. Education on balanced nutrition was provided to mothers using leaflets, flipcharts, and videos. The results showed increases in weight (0.4 kg), height (1.98 cm), hemoglobin level (0.1 g/dL), and albumin level (0.1 g/dL) accompanied by a significant increase in weight, height, and the Z-score index for weight for age, whereas those for Hb and albumin levels were not. Energy, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin C, vitamin E, and iron intake increased significantly. Further, there was a significant difference in mothers' knowledge of balanced nutrition and COVID-19 at the end of the study. Thus, high levels of cookie consumption increased the weight of underweight preschool-aged children. Future studies may wish to consider examining the issue using stunted, wasted, and anemic preschool-aged children as the research subjects.

Broccoli-Soybean-Mangrove Food Bar as an Emergency Food for Older People during Natural Disaster.

Older people risk poor nutritional status during natural disasters due to low intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fat. A food bar is a form of emergency food product that contains carbohydrate and protein, and is practical for disaster situations. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a broccoli-soybean-mangrove food bar on older people's weight following natural disasters. A quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study was designed using 33 subjects at the treatment group of various nutritional status types of older people during two weeks with balanced nutrition education over two weeks. Bivariate analysis with a paired t-test used to test whether weight, macronutrient intakes, and balanced nutrition knowledge were significantly different before and after the study. The study showed broccoli-soybean-mangrove food bar consumption resulted in a significantly increased weight of 0.2 kg, energy (291.9 kcal), protein (6.1 g), carbohydrate (31.1 g), dan fat (15.6 g) intakes. Balanced nutrition education of older people could also substantially increase knowledge of older people regarding nutrition (11.8 points). The proportion of malnourished subjects who gained weight was more remarkable than normal subjects in the first and second weeks of the intervention. However, the proportion of normal nutritional status subjects having increased macronutrients intakes was higher than the malnourished subjects. These findings recommend broccoli-soybean-mangrove food bar consumption to significantly improve weight and macronutrients intakes in older people following a natural disaster. It is necessary to make the broccoli-soybean-mangrove food bar more available, accessible, and affordable to all people in emergencies, mainly for older people.

Developing age-friendly city readiness: A case study from Depok City, Indonesia.

Depok, as one of the largest cities in Indonesia, has great potential to be an age-friendly city. Before the formation of age-friendly city is established, eight dimensions of age-friendly cities had been studied by the World Health Organization in 2013, but since 2013 these dimensions have not been assessed. The study aimed to assess the preparedness of Depok to be an age-friendly city with a qualitative approach from the stakeholders' point of view. This study used a qualitative design involving 50 informants through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion techniques using purposive sampling. The findings indicate that Depok was deemed not yet prepared to be an age-friendly city due to an abundance of infrastructure deficiencies. There were not many changes in the facilities, such as infrastructure improvements in age-friendly city indicators and existing Regional Regulations of age-friendly cities, except for buildings and open green spaces. In general, Depok still needs time to achieve the age-friendly city where the community will have a good place to live, grow, and age in it.