Prospective evaluation of a cutaneous stimulation technique to induce on-demand urination in non-toilet-trained infants.

CONTEXT: When a urinary tract infection is suspected, it is recommended to capture a midstream sample of urine for analysis, but this strategy is difficult to apply before successful toilet training. A cutaneous stimulation technique has been reported to be effective in provoking micturition in newborns. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and the efficacy of this technique in a population of non-toilet-trained infants. DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifty infants were enrolled in this prospective non-controlled study in three pediatric emergency departments. The bladder was stimulated through suprapubic and paravertebral cutaneous stimulation as previously reported in newborns. The evaluation criterion was the proportion of patients from whom urine had been collected within the first 5min of the procedure. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients (21 boys) were evaluated. The procedure was successful in 27% of the cases overall, but reached 46% for children aged less than 3 months. Elevated weight was associated with failure of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Despite promising results in newborns, the cutaneous stimulation technique to provoke micturition appears to encounter limitations in older children. Nevertheless, the technique is an attractive alternative to urethral catheterization or suprapubic aspiration for infants younger than 3 months.

A pathophysiological study of abdominal organs following intraperitoneal injections of chloral hydrate in rats: comparison between two anaesthesia protocols.

Chloral hydrate (CH) is used as an anaesthetic agent in laboratory rats. Side effects occurring with high concentrations have mainly occurred in abdominal organs. The objective of the present study was to minimize these side effects following intraperitoneal administration of CH using lower concentrations. Animals were evaluated using different procedures including a general necropsy, intraperitoneal white cell counts, histology and duodenal peristalsis and acetylcholine-induced contractions. Results clearly show that lower concentrations of CH while keeping the same anaesthetic dose (400 mg/kg) will minimize the irritancy of CH on abdominal organs while providing the same level of anaesthesia.