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1.
Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol ; 22(2): 131-135, jul.-dic. 2002. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-356821

RESUMO

Los Virus de Epstein Barr y Citomegalovirus pueden infectar a los humanos precozmente. Alrededor del 90 por ciento de la población mundial es portadores de este hipervirus, estableciéndose una infección latente por largos períodos de tiempo. Característicamente muestran un patrón seroepidemiológico altamente relacionado con el nivel socioeconómico de la comunidad en estudio. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia del IgG e IgM anti CMV y VEB en una población menor de 25 años, sana del estado Carabobo. Metodología: El estudio se realizó bajo las Normas de Buenas Prácticas Médicas en Investigación, y el consentimiento informado fue obtenido en cada caso. Se incluyeron 210 individuos en aparentes buenas condiciones de salud, de ambos sexos, distribuidos en 7 grupos etarios: I:<28 días. II: 1-11 meses. III: 12-23 meses. IV: 24-48 meses. V:5-10 años . VI: 11-16 años. VII:16-24 años. La determinación del IgG e IgM se realizó por técnicas de Microelisa. Resultados: La IgM anyti CMV y anti VEB mostró dos picos: el primero en niños menores de 1 año (grupoII) con porcentajes máximos de 23,3 y 6,6 por ciento, respectivamente, y el segundo comenzó después de los 11 años para CMV y a los 16 años para VEB.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Prevalência , Medicina , Venezuela
2.
Arch. venez. farmacol. ter ; 20(1): 92-98, 2001. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-340965

RESUMO

La candidiasis orofaríngea constituye una patología frecuente en la población pediátrica. Con la finalidad de ofrecer una alternativa terapéutica segura y eficaz, se realizó un estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo, comparativo, simple ciego y de asignación aleatoria, donde se incluyeron 181 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y micológico de candidiasis orofaríngea; fueron asignados al azar para recibir Fluconazol suspensión a 5mg/kg dosis única diaria o Nistatina suspensión 50.000 unidades/kg cada 6 horas. Se obtuvo una respuesta clínica satisfactoria al final del tratamiento con una diferencia estadística altamente significativa (p<0.001) en el grupo tratado con fluconazol (97.8 por ciento) frente al grupo de Nistatina (84.3 por ciento); y de 98.4 por ciento versus 87.9 por ciento respectivamente, un mes después de la terapia, siendo la diferencia muy significativa (p<0.01). La erradicación micológica reportó una alta significancia (p<0.0002) a favor del Fluconazol con un 74.7 por ciento contra un 35.5 por ciento de los tratados con Nistatina. El uso del Fluconazol suspensión oral, se presenta como una terapéutica eficaz, bien tolerada y de comodidad posológica en la edad pediátrica. La candidiasis albicans fue aislada en el 92 por ciento de los casos


Assuntos
Humanos , Candidíase , Fluconazol , Nistatina , Pediatria , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes , Venezuela
3.
Bol. venez. infectol ; 10(1): 15-18, ene.-jul. 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-721158

RESUMO

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la vacunación DPT dos semanas antes de la primera dosis de la administración de la vacuna PRP-T, sobre la respuesta de anticuerpos anti-PRP en lactantes vacunados a los 2, 4 y 6 meses de edad. Luego de la obtención del consentimiento informado escrito, 141 niños de 2 meses de edad fueron distribuidos al azar en uno de tres grupos, para ser vacunados a los 2, 4 y 6 meses de edad respectivamente. El Grupo A incluyó vacunados con DPT dos semanas previas a la primeras dosis de PRP-T; el Grupo B a aquellos vacunados con PRP-T y DPT simultáneamente, en sitios separados; y el Grupo C a los vacunados con PRP-T, dos semanas previas a la primera dosis de DPT. La segunda y la tercera dosis de ambas vacunas se administraron simultáneamente en los tres grupos. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a los 2,4, 6 y 7 meses de vida. Los sueros fueron conservados a menos de 20º centígrados hasta su envío a la Universidad de Vanderbilt, donde fueron procesados en ciego y en paralelo por el método de ELISA. Los datos serológicos fueron transformados logarítmicamente para su análisis, reportándose su antilogaritmo. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicó la prueba ANOVA, un valor p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Los títulos de anticuerpos posteriores a la primera dosis en los grupos A, B y C fueron respectivamente de 6,3, 1,9 y 1,05 mcg/ml; para la segunda dosis se obtuvieron títulos de 14.6; 9,20 y 8,93 mcg/ml para cada grupo y para la tercera, los resultados fueron respectivamente de 25,68; 17,38 y 26,47 mcg/ml. El análisis de varianza demostró que después de la primera dosis el grupo A inmunizado previamente con DTP obtuvo títulos de anticuerpos significativamente más altos que los otros dos que dicha diferencia se mantuvo después de la segunda inyección, (p<0,0001 y 0,04 respectivamente) sin embargo no hubo significación estadística posterior a la aplicación de la tercera dosis (p=0,23).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Fatores Imunológicos/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Análise de Variância , Infectologia , Pediatria
4.
Vaccine ; 18(7-8): 656-64, 1999 Nov 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10547425

RESUMO

Among 277 healthy Venezuelan children, aged between 4 and 15 years, who were screened for hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies, 118 seronegative children were enrolled in an open study. Each child received one dose of the Pasteur Mérieux Connaught inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (AVAXIM¿trade mark omitted¿, 160 antigen units), followed by a booster dose 24 weeks later. All seronegative subjects seroconverted 2 weeks after immunisation (antibody titres greater, similar20 mIU/ml), and antibody titres were still over greater, similar20 mIU/ml after 24 weeks, at the moment of the booster dose. The anti-HAV antibody geometric mean titre (GMT), as measured by a modified radio-immunoassay (HAVAB(R), Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL, USA), was 73.7 mIU/ml, 2 weeks after the first dose. Four weeks after the booster, the GMT value reached 6999 mIU/ml, representing a 29.6-fold rise from pre-booster levels. One year after the booster dose, the GMT value was 1673 mIU/ml in the 92 subjects who provided blood samples at this time, all of whom were still seroconverted ( greater, similar20 mIU/ml). No serious adverse event related to the vaccination occurred during the study. No immediate systemic reaction occurred. Local reactions were reported by 9.3% of subjects who received the primary injection and 5.5% of those given the booster dose. The systemic reactions were mainly fever and myalgia reported over the 7 days following the injection by 3.4% of subjects after the first dose and 5.5% of subjects after the booster dose. A clinically significant elevation of serum transaminase from pre-immunisation levels was noted in one subject (AST level 2.2 times the upper normal limit) 2 weeks after the first injection, although this was not associated with any clinical signs of impaired liver function. This trial demonstrated that AVAXIM¿trade mark omitted¿ containing 160 antigen units is safe and highly immunogenic in healthy children aged between 4 and 15 years, and could be included in the childhood vaccination schedule to control infection in areas endemic for hepatitis A.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/biossíntese , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Vacinas contra Hepatite Viral/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Hepatite Viral/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A , Vacinas contra Hepatite A , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/imunologia , Humanos , Imunização Secundária , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia
5.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 13(7): 635-9, 1994 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7970953

RESUMO

The safety and immunogenicity of primary immunization at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PRP-T; Act-HIB) were evaluated in infants in Valencia, Venezuela. In order better to assess reactions to PRP-T, subjects received their initial PRP-T vaccine a mean of 6.5 days after their initial diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The PRP-T vaccine was well tolerated. Serum was obtained at ages 2 and 7 months (before the first and 1 month after the third PRP-T dose). Antibody responses were compared with those from Nashville infants who had received PRP-T and DTP simultaneously in a previous trial. The preimmunization titers in the Venezuelan and Nashville infants did not differ. The geometric mean postimmunization titer in the Venezuelan infants was 37.9 micrograms/ml, as compared with 3.63 micrograms/ml in the Nashville infants (P < 0.00001). Possible explanations for the exceptional antibody response of these Venezuelan infants to PRP-T include carrier priming caused by prior DTP immunization, synergy associated with the specific DTP vaccine used, preimmunization immunologic experience that differed from their United States counterparts and genetic differences that altered response to the vaccines. Further studies are proposed to evaluate these possibilities.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Haemophilus influenzae/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Vacinação , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Feminino , Infecções por Haemophilus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , Sorologia , Toxoide Tetânico/administração & dosagem , Toxoide Tetânico/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Vacinas Conjugadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Conjugadas/efeitos adversos , Venezuela
6.
7.
G E N ; 45(2): 105-10, 1991.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1843930

RESUMO

During the period from March through November 1989, 70 children who were attended at the Pediatric Department at Central Hospital in Valencia, were enrolled in the study, it was thought that Giardia lamblia infection might be present. Giardia L. were identified using two different diagnostic procedures: from stool samples and duodenal aspirates for cysts or trophozoites examination. These children were treated with Metronidazole three dosage of 15, 30 and 50 mg/kg per day for a ten day period. Our study showed predominant giardiasis in children with ages ranging from 2 to 6 years old (60%) with a relationship between female and male sex 1.05:1. In this series, 72.8% of patients presented normal nutrition, and 55.7% of them were from the suburban area. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal distention, constipation and flatulence. The infants prevalent symptom was diarrhea (83.3%) and the older children and school children prevalent symptom was abdominal pain with 78.5 and 100% respectively. In this study, stool examination was positive in 97.1% of the children and duodenal aspirate was positive in all 70 children (100%); the first procedure showed predominant Giardia cysts (88.2%) and the second one showed predominant trophozoites (47.1%). All 70 patients (100%) were cured with Metronidazole to different dosage. Side effects were seen with only the maxim dose, such as nausea 40%, headache 10% and appearance of yeast into 50% of duodenal aspirate.


Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Giardia lamblia , Giardíase/tratamento farmacológico , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Giardia lamblia/efeitos dos fármacos , Giardíase/diagnóstico , Giardíase/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/efeitos adversos , Parasitologia/métodos
8.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol ; 28(2): 185-91, 1983 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6872360

RESUMO

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells of fresh mononuclear cells was compared with the ADCC activity of mononuclear cells obtained from blood after 1, 2, and 18 hr of storage at room temperature. After 1 and 2 hr of blood storage, mononuclear cell ADCC activity decrease significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) and was undetectable after 18 hr of storage. The use of preservative-free heparin and various effector to target cell ratios further verified these results. There was no significant difference between natural killer cytotoxicity of mononuclear cells obtained from fresh blood compared with that obtained from blood after 1 and 2 hr of storage. These data demonstrate the importance of rapid assay of clinical specimens utilized to determine differences in ADCC activity of patient populations.


Assuntos
Citotoxicidade Celular Dependente de Anticorpos , Preservação de Sangue , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Adulto , Citotoxicidade Celular Dependente de Anticorpos/efeitos dos fármacos , Heparina/farmacologia , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo
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