Lead Exposure Assessment and Its Impact on the Structural Organization and Morphological Peculiarities of Rat Ovaries.

Lead is known to be highly toxic to humans, causing various disorders infetal development. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of lead acetate on the structural organization of female rat ovaries. The study involved 40 non-linear female rats divided into four groups: a control group, a low-dose group, a moderate-dose group, and a high-dose group. The rats were given lead acetate solutions in varying doses for 30 days, and their ovarian tissue was examined using light microscopy.The results showed that increasing doses of lead acetate led to morphological changes in the cortex and medulla of the rat ovaries. The changes were characterized by a decrease in ovarian mass, alterations in the thickness of the tunica albuginea (protein envelope), and a reduction in the number of follicles. Light microscopy revealed that exposure to lead acetate resulted in a significant decrease in the number of follicles in all experimental groups, with the high-dose group experiencing the most significant decrease.These findings suggest that lead acetate has a dose-dependent negative impact on the morphology and function of female rat ovaries. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential impact of lead on human ovarian tissue.

The Role of Lyophilized Xenodermotransplants in Repairing the Atria's Structure and the Peculiarities of Regenerative Processes after Thermal Trauma in an Experiment.

The effects of severe burn injuries on the cardiovascular system, specifically the atria and auricles of the heart, were investigated. The potential benefits of using lyophilized xenodermotransplants as a treatment option were also evaluated. The experiments were conducted on adult guinea pigs divided into three groups: intact animals, animals with burns, and animals with burns who underwent early necrectomy followed by wound closure with lyophilized xenodermotransplants. Third-degree burns caused significant ultrastructural changes in atrial cardiomyocytes, leading to long-term destructive changes in the structural components of the atria. However, the use of lyophilized xenodermotransplants had a positive effect on the atrial ultrastructure over time. This study highlights the complex and varied effects of burn injuries on the body and the potential benefits of lyophilized xenodermotransplants in treating severe burn injuries. By preventing destructive changes in the heart and activating regenerative processes, lyophilized xenodermotransplants can improve the condition of the heart after thermal injury. Further research and development in this area are necessary for understanding the potential of lyophilized xenodermotransplants in tissue repair and regeneration.

SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE LITERACY FORMATION FOR FUTURE MEDICAL WORKERS THROUGH THE PRISM OF LANGUAGE TRAINING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyze the formation of professional communicative literacy of future medical workers, which includes a personal development component provided by independent language preparation for the use of medical terminology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The diagnostic stage, which was conducted in 2019-2020, included 400 students from four higher educational institutions: I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk National University, Uzhhorod National University. These are students who completed the study of such disciplines as "Latin language and basics of medical terminology", "Human anatomy", "Histology", "Pharmacology" in the 1st year of studying. RESULTS: Results: The comparative analysis shows that this determined the level of formation of the students' motivational sphere in the direction of speech preparation for the use of medical terminology in Latin language classes, and the following results were obtained. With regard to the main motivating points for Latin classes, it was established that 115 (28.75%) young people study it with great interest, strive to improve their knowledge of medical terminology further, as they are sure that they will definitely need it in their future professional activities. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Research and experimental verification of the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions and the structural-functional model of professional language training of future doctors for the use of medical terminology took place during the training of first-year-students at the higher educational establishment. Innovative methods of developing critical thinking, information and interactive technologies were used.Positive changes in the results of professional and language training of CG students (increase in average figure from 3.51 to 3.69 points) are caused by the natural influence of the traditional educational process, and changes in average figures in EG (from 3.51 to 3.92 points) show the effectiveness of implementation of defined pedagogical conditions.

Indicators of inflammation in the pathogenesis of unstable angina.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Research of blood lipid spectrum, level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein of coronary heart disease patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: There was examined 61 patients with unstable angina, who had been on hospital care in the cardiology department of the Lviv National Emergency Hospital. Their average age was 68.3 ± 1.9 years. The control group included 20 generally healthy persons. There was estimated blood lipid spectrum, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and proinflammatory cytokine of patients. RESULTS: Results: There was determined considerable increase total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and coefficient of atherogenicity. High level of C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in patients with unstable angina. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In patients with unstable angina was revealed a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines levels in the blood serum: interleukin-1ß, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, TNF-α and C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, which indicates activation of the inflammatory process. In patients with unstable angina was detected a significant disorder of blood lipid spectrum. For its correction should be recommended diet and hypolipidemic agents.

Indscators of blood lipid profile, acute phase reactions and uric acid in patients with arterial hypertension combined with connective tissue dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction:Changes in the cardiovascular system can be divided into 2 groups due to the connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) and changes in the circulatory system, caused by pathological processes that arose on the basis of the connective structures failure. One of the risk factors of arterial hypertension (AH) remaining insufficiently studied is collagen pathology - nondifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (NCTD). The presence of connective tissue in all organs and systems, the common origin of smooth muscles, blood and lymph from mesenchyma leads to dysplastic changes in any organ and system. NCTD is morphologically characterized by changes in collagen, elastic fibrils, glycoproteins, proteoglycans and fibroblasts, which are based on hereditary mutations of genes encoding the synthesis and spatial organization of collagen, structural proteins and protein-hydrocarbon complexes, enzymes and cofactors to them. The aim was to study external and internal phenotypic signs of CTD, indicators of blood lipid spectrum, acute phase reactions and uric acid in patients with hypertension associated with CTD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study implied examination of 52 patients (19 women and 33 men) with AH of the 2-nd stage from 1-st to 3-rd degrees and CTD manifestations, which were on inpatient treatment in the cardiology department of the Lviv City Communal Clinical Emergency Hospital. The average age of patients was 61.14 ± 2.58 years. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of hypertension. The first group (n = 5) included patients with AH of the 1-st degree, the second (n = 28) - with AH of the 2-nd degree, the third (n = 19) - with AH of the 3-rd degree. The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy persons. Patients underwent checkup, palpation, percussion, auscultation, laboratory examinations (blood lipid spectrum, CRP, serumukoid content and uric acid), instrumental studies (ECG, echocardiography, DBPM, ultrasound examination of the internal organs and lower limbs vessels, ultrasound examination of the sleep and vertebral arteries, X-ray examination of the bone and articular system), consultation of an ophthalmologist, a neuropathologist, a traumatologist and a dentist. RESULTS: Results: In a comparative analysis between the control group and patients with stage ІІ hypertension of 1-3 grades, in 84.6% cases external and internal CTD signs were observed, and in 15.4% cases there were no manifestations. In applying the diagnostic criteria for assessing signs of CTD and stigmata of dysebryogenesis, different numbers of points were defined depending on the severity of the AH. The highest quantity of points was found in patients of the 3-rd group (30,8 ± 0,81), which indicates a significant presence of external signs of CTD in comparison with the 1-st and 2-nd groups of patients (25.2 ± 1.38 and 26.7 ± 0.72), respectively. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The external and internal phenotypic signs of CTD of medium and severe expressiveness degree were revealed, however, most commonly they were observed in patients with hypertension of grade 3. The presence of positive correlations between the levels of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, AC, UA and TG indicates its direct role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the combination with CTD complicates the underlined pathology. Screening of the studied indicators can improve the prognosis of the course and development of cardiovascular complications.