The Role of Lyophilized Xenodermotransplants in Repairing the Atria's Structure and the Peculiarities of Regenerative Processes after Thermal Trauma in an Experiment.

The effects of severe burn injuries on the cardiovascular system, specifically the atria and auricles of the heart, were investigated. The potential benefits of using lyophilized xenodermotransplants as a treatment option were also evaluated. The experiments were conducted on adult guinea pigs divided into three groups: intact animals, animals with burns, and animals with burns who underwent early necrectomy followed by wound closure with lyophilized xenodermotransplants. Third-degree burns caused significant ultrastructural changes in atrial cardiomyocytes, leading to long-term destructive changes in the structural components of the atria. However, the use of lyophilized xenodermotransplants had a positive effect on the atrial ultrastructure over time. This study highlights the complex and varied effects of burn injuries on the body and the potential benefits of lyophilized xenodermotransplants in treating severe burn injuries. By preventing destructive changes in the heart and activating regenerative processes, lyophilized xenodermotransplants can improve the condition of the heart after thermal injury. Further research and development in this area are necessary for understanding the potential of lyophilized xenodermotransplants in tissue repair and regeneration.

Potential Effectiveness of Poly-Vitamins and Probiotics among Preschool Children Living within Iodine Deficiency Territory to Caries Prevention

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the potential effect of poly-vitamins and probiotics use among preschool children permanently living within iodine deficiency territory on caries prevention. Material and Methods: 80 children aged 2-3 years old were randomly distributed among the study group (21 male and 19 females) and control group (20 males and 20 females). Oral fluid samples were formed from each study subject during primary examination and after 1 year of monitoring, which further were analyzed by parameters associated with mineralization potential of oral fluid. Both groups were provided with oral hygiene educational training, while the study group was also prescribed with poly-vitamin-mineral drug complex and probiotics. Results: After 1 year of monitoring, no significant changes considering caries prevalence (p>0.05) or intensity (p>0.05) values were registered among study and control groups. Difference of free calcium level, phosphate ion level and alkaline phosphatase activity was statistically approved (p<0.05) while comparing between study and control group after 12 months of monitoring. Conclusion: Caries preventive approach consisted of oral hygiene educational training and course of properly prescribed poly-vitamins and probiotics intake demonstrates positive results related to the changes within mineralization potential of oral fluid among preschool children with long-term residence over geographically associated iodine-deficient territory.

Experimental cirrhosis: liver morphology and function.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to establish the morphofunctional changes of liver in the experimental cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted on 24 white male Wistar rats. Experimental cirrhosis of the liver was simulated by oral administration of CCl4 2 g/kg 2 times weekly for three months. From the selected fragments of the liver, histological specimens were done according to the conventional method and examined by light microscopy. The activity of the enzymes of cytolysis and cholestasis (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), the content of components of bile (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids) were determined in the serum. In the blood and liver were determined the content of the final products of metabolism of nitric oxide: NO2 - and NO3 -; in the blood - the content of ceruloplasmin, lactate, pyruvate, middle molecular-weight protein MWP1 and MWP2. In the liver - the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CHO), N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase microsomal activity. The state of the system of prooxidants-antioxidants was judged by the content in the liver of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), concentration of sulfhydril group (GSH), catalase activities (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD). The content of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthases, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by the enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Results: Cirrhosis of the liver, which is morphologically confirmed by the presence of prominent sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbel, is accompanied by the development of cytolysis and cholestasis processes with an increase in the content of components of bile in the blood (cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids). An increase in the content of lipoperoxidation products and disturbance of the state of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic units of the antioxidant system, decrease in the activity of mitochondrial (succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase) enzymes have been established. The activity of the detoxification processes decreases, namely the inhibition of N-demethylase and p-hydroxylase activity of the liver microsomes, so the manifestations of endotoxicosis increase. This is accompanied with decreased content of endothelial and an increased content inducible NO synthase, a concentration of a stable metabolite of nitric oxide nitrite anion in the blood increase and a decrease in the liver. CONCLUSION: Сonclusions: Experimental CCl4 cirrhosis is characterized morphologically by sclerosis in the periportal zones and the formation of umbao. The metabolic and functional cirrhotic liver is characterized by cytolysis and cholestasis activation, inhibition of detoxication, prooxidant-antooxidant, including nitrooxidative, disbalance.

The Influence of Diffuse Nontoxic Goiter on the State of Protective Mechanisms of the Oral Cavity in Children.

Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the tissues of the oral cavity is characterized by cellular and humoral factors of specific and nonspecific resistance, the functioning of which is determined by the overall somatic state. This study aimed to study the features of protective mechanisms of the oral cavity due to orthodontic pathology, pathology of periodontal tissues, and odontogenic inflammatory process in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter. Eighty children with diffuse nontoxic goiter aged 12-15 years with different dental status were examined. Evaluation of local immunity of the oral cavity was carried out by determining the content of sIgA, IgA, IgG, lysozyme activity, and levels of IL-1ß, IL-4 by enzyme immunoassay. Immunological studies have shown that in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter, the activity of lysozyme in the oral fluid is decreased. The level of sIgА is also reduced by about 20%. Besides, there is an increase in the content of IgG and a growing trend in the level of IgА. The content of IL-1ß and IL-4 in such children fluctuates more compared to somatically healthy children. In conclusion, a violation of the local protective mechanisms of the oral cavity is observed in children with diffuse nontoxic goiter. Also, the increase in the severity of dental pathology leads to increased tension of local protective and compensatory reactions.

The Influence of Metformin to the Transcriptional Activity of the mTOR and FOX3 Genes in Parapancreatic Adipose Tissue of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

The mammalian target of rapamycin is not only a central regulator of lipid metabolism that controls the processes of adipogenesis and lipolysis but also a regulator of the immunometabolism of immune cells that infiltrate adipose tissue. In turn, the level of progression of diabetes is significantly influenced by the Treg subpopulation, the complexity and heterogeneity of which is confirmed by the detection of numerous tissue-specific Tregs, including the so-called VAT Tregs (visceral adipose tissue CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the mRNA expression levels of mTOR, Foxp3, IL1ß, and IL17A genes in rat parapancreatic adipose tissue with experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with or without metformin administration. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats with induced diabetes as a result of streptozotocin administration. Molecular genetic studies were performed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The development of diabetes caused transcriptional activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase gene, as well as increased mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1ß and IL17A, but did not affect Foxp3 mRNA expression. The intervention with metformin in diabetic rats inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin mRNA expression and caused an increase in the transcriptional activity of the Foxp3 gene in parapancreatic adipose tissue.

Morphogenesis of maxillary sinuses in infants, during early and first childhood.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the peculiarities of the structure and to see the development of maxillary sinuses in infants, during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study of the peculiarities of the development and formation of the maxillary sinuses' wall was carried out on 50 species of the upper jaws, turtles and sections of the head of the human corpses during different periods of ontogenesis (in infants, during early and first childhood) with the help of histological examination, preparation, CT scan, radiography and morphometry. RESULTS: Results and conclussions: In infants and during the early and first childhood periods of human ontogenesis in the MS there are changes in both quantitative and qualitative nature. In infants (10 days - 1 year), maxillary sinuse is located more lateral to the basis of the lower nasal concha. In this period, it begins to form its lower wall, which in the form of a narrow strip invaginates into the alveolar process. The growth of the sinus is due to the protrusion of the external wall in the direction of the zygomatic bone. The wall of the maxillary sinuse is covered with mucosa (respiratory mucous membrane), which is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium, which is located on the basement membrane. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in infants shows that it is a pear-shaped in the anterior projection. Clearly the following walls of the sinuses are visible: the upper, the lower, one, which is arched-shaped, the front and the median, which in lower part are crossed as arch to each other. Investigation of biological specimens of the maxillofacial area of the early childhood period (1-3 years) showed that maxillary sinuses in all specimens are determined more laterally to the basis of the lower nasal concha. Its vertical dimension is 7.5-8.0 mm, transverse - 5.7-6.0 mm, anterior-posterior - 13.9-14.5 mm. X-ray examination of maxillary sinuse in early childhood in the front projection shows that it has an oval shape. There are the following walls of the sinus: upper, lower, front and middle. The study of biological specimens of the facial area in the period of the first childhood (4-7 years) has been established that the configuration of maxillary sinuse is changing. All walls are determined, but the upper wall is rather short, and the front wall is narrow. The median wall has the most prominent development. On X-rays in the anterior projection, a slight extension of the maxillary sinuse is noted laterally. Therefore, one should thoroughly study the peculiarities of the development and structure of the walls of the maxillary sinuses in order to prevent the development of complications and to achieve the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the MS in an optimal term.

SNPs and transcriptional activity of genes of innate and adaptive immunity at the maternal-fetal interface in woman with preterm labour, associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim is to identify mRNA expression of innate (TLR2 and TLR4) and adaptive (IL1 ß, IL17A, FoxP3, Tbet, Roryt) immunity in maternal-fetal interface and evaluate the contribution of SNP genes of IL1ß (rs1143627), TNFα (rs1800629), IL4 (rs2243250), IL10 (rs1800896, rs1800872) and RLN2 (rs4742076, rs3758239) to PTB, associated with PPROM in 26-34 weeks of gestation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We had done open cohort randomized research during period 2016-2018 years. The case group consisted of 50 women with PPROM in preterm pregnancy, 26-34 weeks of gestation. For the control group we collected samples from 50 women without previous history of PTB. To determine the level of mRNA target genes we used thermocycler CFX96™Real-Time PCR Detection Systems ("Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.", USA) and set of reagents Maxima SYBR Green / ROX qPCR MasterMix (2x) (Thermo Scientific, USA). RESULTS: Results: In the population of the Zaporizhzhia region, there is no reliable clinical association between the IL1ß and TNFα genes and a high risk of PTB. We obtained high reliable data on SNP genes RLN2 rs4742076 and rs3758239 in Zaporizhzhia women. The distribution of the rs2243250 gene polymorphism alleles of the IL4 gene of the main study group - TT homozygotes were determined in 2 (4%) cases, CT heterozygotes were found in 11 (22%), CC homozygotes in 37 (74%) cases. In the study of polymorphism rs1800872 of the IL10 gene, the main group of homozygous TT studies was identified in 7 (14%) cases, TG heterozygotes were found in 18 (36%), GG homozygotes in 25 (50%) cases. The range of all obtained values of the relative normalized expression of TLR2 gene in the placenta of 0.79-163.44 (median - 31.06), in the fetal membranes - 1.1-126.06 (median - 10.22). The placement of all obtained values compared to mRNA expression of the TLR4 gene was lower than the TLR2 in the placenta, which was 0.39-43.85 (median - 7.74) and higher in the fetal membranes - 0.18-216.01 (median - 40.04). We observed an 8.33-fold decreased expression in FoxP3 in decidua, especially in 31-32 weeks of PPROM manifestation (27.03-fold). In amniotic membranes a similar trend of reduction of FoxP3 expression was found, overall level decreased in 2.33 times, especially in 31-32 weeks of PPROM manifestation (10.64-fold). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Among Zaporizhzhia population, combination of IL4 (rs2243250), IL10 (rs1800896 and rs1800872), RLN2 (rs4742076 and rs3758239) supports the role for functional polymorphisms in immunoregulatory genes in the susceptibility to PTL, associated with PPROM. Marked increased transcriptional activity of components of innate (TLR2, TLR4), adaptive (Th1, Th17) immune system and conversely decreased expression of Treg (FoxP3) in the maternal-fetal interface are involved in immune pathways of PTB and contribute in the fetal inflammatory response syndrome.