[Cardiac changes in sudden infant death syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the pathomorphological features of the structure and morphogenesis of the myocardium, fetal cardiac communications in neonatal infants and babies in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and three babies less than 1 year of age who had died from SIDS at home in 2004-2012 were examined using macroscopic examination of their hearts, by separately weighing their cavities on an electron balance; histological examination of specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as with picrofuxin by the van Gieson or Nissl technique; immunohistochemical examination applying neurofilament markers; alkaline cardiomyocyte dissociation test; morphometric study of cardiac chambers, by calculating the ventricular index, measuring the area of a nucleus and cytoplasm of isolated cardiomyocytes by means of a Video-Test-Morpho computer unit; and statistical data processing. RESULTS: There was a height/heart growth imbalance manifesting as a forward cardiac mass increment, as well as discoordination of an increase in right and left ventricular masses. The increment occurred at the expense of both ventricles with the leading role of the right ventricle within the first 3 months of life and at the expense of the left ventricle within the further months of life. Microscopic examination of myocardial histological sections showed ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the subendocardial layers, endocardial fibrosis, and myocardial stromas. In the ventricles, the area of isolated cardiomyocytes of the infants who had died from SIDS proved to be significantly lower than that in the controls, the linear parameters of cells and their nuclei changed towards a decrease in length and an increase in diameter; moreover, there was a rise in the number of nuclei per unit area. The average stromal area increased in the myocardium. CONCLUSION; The findings are fully consistent with the results of current clinical trials and determine the possibility of objective differential diagnosis of SIDS, the statement of which rules out any significant pathological processes in the vital organs, primarily in the heart.

[Experimental pathological anatomy of gunshot wounds in pig preoral region].

In experimental pathological-anatomical study of gunshot wounds of pig upper and lower lips produced by bullet weapon there were received microscopic tissue pictures in 3 wound duct zones according to the distance from the duct - in the injury zone, tissue zone adjacent to the injury and tissue zone remote from the injury. The zone widths were different depending upon the distance from the bullet entrance hole; the injury width of reversible and irreversible characters was bigger in the wound duct depth. The data about the morphological changes character in the edges of the most heavy degree of gunshot wounds were necessary for receiving objective numeric criterions of the volume of the tissue excision at the moment of primary surgical wounds treatment.

[Clinical-morphological and histometric characteristics of soft tissue wounds in maxilla-facial region of patients in different terms after trauma].

504 patients with open traumas of face soft tissues which were given primary surgical wounds treatment with reconstructive operations in maxilla-facial surgical clinics of Samara State Medical University in 2005-2008 also received detailed description. The results of statistical analysis of patients' surgical treatment for the previous 5 year period were listed. It was noted that in the majority of cases (75,5%) patients turned to stomatological aid in first hours or first day and night after receiving the injury, more often there were isolated soft tissue injuries (73,3%), tear-contused and cut wounds put together 80,5%. Morphological and histometric studies of operational-biopsy material let determine the character of changes of leucocyte infiltration and of epithelium - stromal interrelation in different zones of wound edges in patients incoming in different terms after trauma. Objective criteria of tissue excision volumes were received in the process of surgical wound treatment. During last 3 years esthetic results of patient treatment with maxilla-facial traumas improved, the postoperative complications frequency was reduced by 8,1% if compared with the previous 5-year period.

[Morbid anatomy of porcine preoral gunshot wound in an experiment].

In experimental pathological-anatomic study of gunshot wounds of pig upper and lower lips produced by bullet weapon there were received microscopic tissue pictures in 3 wound duct zones according to the disrance from the duct - in the injury zone, tissue zone adjacent to the injury and tissue zone remote from the injury. The zone widths were different depending upon the ditance from the bullet entrance hole; the injury width of reversible and irreversible characters was bigger in the wound duct depth. The data about the morphological changes characrer in the edges of the most heavy degree of gunshot wounds were necessary for receiving objective numeric criterions of the volume of the tissue excision at the moment of primary surgical wounds treatment.

[Morphological evaluation of Nd:YAG laser exposure to parodontal tissues].

With the help of a light microscopy method of morphometric techniques there were studied dynamics of morphological changes in gum tissues after traditional open curettage and Nd:YAG laser treatment of parodontal pockets in VSP mode. One monph after traditional curettage signs of chronic inflammation were still present, while after the laser exposure complete regeneration of the tissues was achieved.

[A biomechanical concept of the pathogenesis of postoperative ventral hernias]. / Biomekhanicheskaia kontseptsiia patogeneza posleoperatsionnykh ventral'nykh gryzh.

A biomechanical concept of pathogenesis of incisional ventral hernias is presented. The main point is that during the formation of a defect along the abdomen medium line, the lateral muscles of the abdominal wall loose the medial point of attachment. The function of the muscles is disturbed and there appears a myogenic contracture. Thus, the contraction ability is gradually slowing down. Special morphological, ultrasonographic and electromyographic researches were made. The authors consider that all types of surgery when the muscle-aponeurotic elements of the hernial hilus become closer under tension result in a less volume of the abdominal cavity and compression of the fascial muscles which gives rise to pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of early and late postoperative complications.