[Laboratory examinations in forensic medical expertises on crimes against sexual integrity and sexual freedom]. / Laboratornye issledovaniya v sudebno-meditsinskikh ekspertizakh po prestupleniyam protiv polovoi neprikosnovennosti i polovoi svobody lichnosti.

The article presents the results of analysis of 482 forensic biological and forensic cytological expertises on cases of sexual crimes. A presence of different types of such crimes has been noted. Expertises' effectiveness when examining content of vagina, oral cavity and rectum, impression smears and lavages from suspects' genital organs, subungual content of victims and suspects and other objects has been determined. The dependence of expertises' effectiveness on the terms of object removal has been noted. The article presents a number of objects' examination methods (luminescent-microscopic spermatozoids' identification, diagnosis of cells origin from mucous membranes of the vagina and oral cavity, determination of group belonging of specific cells in specimens, diagnosis of fecal masses presence) allowing to improve expertises' quality.

[The diagnostic significance of the epidermal scales left on the material objects].

The objective of the present cytological study was to elucidate the possibility of examining epidermal scales (ES) for the purpose of forensic medical expertise of material evidence. It was demonstrated that epidermal scales readily removable and constantly detached from the skin during the process of desquamation may remain on the instruments of injury and other objects even after their short-term contact with the human body or as a result of touching these objects with the hands. The epidermal scales were shown to express readily detectable AB0 antigens which makes it possible to determine the identify of the subject to whom they belonged. It is concluded that cytological studies designed to detect and identify the source of ES may be helpful for the examination of the fingernail scrapings from both the victims and the suspected offenders, instruments of injury, cigarette stubs (especially when these objects do not exhibit the traces of saliva), and the condoms containing no sperm.

[The determination of mixed stains of blood and cells on the knife blade in the case of the wounding of several victims]. / Opredelenie smeshannykh sledov krovi i kletok na klinke nozha v sluchae naneseniia ranenii neskol'kim poterpevshim.

Discusses the probability of disclosing the fact of wounding several subjects with the same knife on the basis of analysis of two cases. A complex method for analysis of traces on the knife blade consisted in assessment of the group and sex appurtenance of blood and detection of cells including the diagnosis of their sex, group, and organ and tissue origin.

[The determination of buccal epithelial cells in forensic medical cytological research]. / Opredelenie kletok bukkal'nogo épiteliia pri sudebno-meditsinskikh tsitologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.

The morphology of isolated cells of multi-layer squamous non-horny epithelium (buccal, vaginal, urethral, rectal), stained with 0.05% nigrosine solution, was under study, and the sizes of these cells and their nuclei were measured. Specific markers were detected in the buccal epitheliocytes, that permit their reliable differentiation from other epitheliocytes studied by the size of the cells and nuclei, by a characteristic structure of the cytoplasm, etc. The findings may be used for the diagnosis of the origin of isolated cells of the buccal mucosa.

[The use of trace deposits for establishing the weapon of an injury]. / Ispol'zovanie sledov-nalozhenii dlia ustanovleniia orudiia travmy.

The author analyzes the value of traces detectable on stabbing and cutting instruments (traces of blood, isolated cells of the injured organs and tissues of human body, trace particles of textile fabrics) for the identification of the instrument of injury. A comprehensive assessment of the fact of detection of material traces and of the specific features of injuries of victim's body and clothes helps in some cases identify the instrument of injury.

[The use of the laser for determining the direction of the shots and the position of the victim's body in gunshot wounds]. / Ispol'zovanie lazera dlia opredeleniia napravleniia vystrelov i polozheniia tela poterpevshego pri ognestrel'nykh raneniiakh.

In this article a practical case is described when gunshot directions and position of a victim's body at the moment of each shot were determined by natural simulation using an LG-78 laser (made in the form of a gun).

[The use of the principles of the theory of criminal identification in researching the objects of forensic medical expertise]. / Primenenie printsipov teorii kriminalisticheskoi identifikatsii pri issledovanii ob''ektov sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertizy.

Possibility of using principles of criminalistic identification theory in investigation of objects of medicolegal expert evaluation is discussed. These principles were analyzed and shown to extend the objects of medicolegal identification, which however possess certain features influencing the specific character of their investigation.