Nine cases of human dipylidiasis in Moscow region during 1987 to 2017.

Dipylidium caninum is a parasite that commonly infects dogs and cats worldwide. The large population of wild and stray dogs and cats may potentially transmit D. caninum to humans via their flea and lice. Humans are an accidental host, and dipylidiasis is more commonly seen in infants and children. There is scant information about human dipylidiasis in Russia. We report nine cases of dipylidiasis - eight in children and one in an adult. The patients were asymptomatic, except for excreting active proglottids in their faeces, which was the most common complaint. The clinical significance of asymptomatic dipylidiasis is not understood, except mothers were anxious because of the continuous appearance of active worms in the faeces of their children. The patients were successfully treated with praziquantel (15 mg/kg). Preventing dipylidiasis in pets and humans requires the control of fleas and lice, avoiding the outdoor defecation of definitive hosts, deworming pets, preventing children from playing with stray animals and spread of information about dipylidiasis among pet owners. Dogs and cats in many places in Russia breed freely, defecate outdoors in any area, and are not subjected to deworming and insect control. These circumstances favour the fact that, although this zoonosis is rare, it is a re-emerging disease and might reach important levels in Russia.

Nine cases of human dipylidiasis in Moscow region during 1987 to 2017

@#Dipylidium caninum is a parasite that commonly infects dogs and cats worldwide. The large population of wild and stray dogs and cats may potentially transmit D. caninum to humans via their flea and lice. Humans are an accidental host, and dipylidiasis is more commonly seen in infants and children. There is scant information about human dipylidiasis in Russia. We report nine cases of dipylidiasis – eight in children and one in an adult. The patients were asymptomatic, except for excreting active proglottids in their faeces, which was the most common complaint. The clinical significance of asymptomatic dipylidiasis is not understood, except mothers were anxious because of the continuous appearance of active worms in the faeces of their children. The patients were successfully treated with praziquantel (15 mg/kg). Preventing dipylidiasis in pets and humans requires the control of fleas and lice, avoiding the outdoor defecation of definitive hosts, deworming pets, preventing children from playing with stray animals and spread of information about dipylidiasis among pet owners. Dogs and cats in many places in Russia breed freely, defecate outdoors in any area, and are not subjected to deworming and insect control. These circumstances favour the fact that, although this zoonosis is rare, it is a re-emerging disease and might reach important levels in Russia.

[The 15 years' experience of diagnostic of human dirofilariasis.]

The article presents the results of studies of the clinical diagnostic laboratory of the E.I. Martcinovskii institute of medical parasitology, tropical and transmissive diseases related to diagnostic of human dirofilariasis brought in by Dirofilaria repens. During last 15 years, 165 cases were diagnosed. The most of dirofilaria (89.7%) migrated and localized superficially under skin or mucous membrane: on the head in 88 cases and out of them 43.6% in the area of eye-socket, in 25 cases on the body out of them 4 on genitalia, in 35 cases under skin of extremities. In 1 cases dirofilaria migrated to inner organs: 10 in lungs, 4 in pleura, 1 in small intestine, 1 in omentum. In case of pleuropulmonary localization the disease was taking its course under mask of tuberculoma malignant tumor, exudative pleurisy, neoplasm of obscure etiology.

[EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR THE LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATHOGENS OF PARASITIC DISEASES AS AN ELEMENT FOR IMPROVING THE POSTGRADUATE TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS].

Within the framework of the Federal External Quality Assessment (EQA) System and in the context of postgraduate training improvement for health workers in 2010-2014, specialists from the laboratories of the therapeutic-prophylactic organizations and institutions of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare were examined for their professional competence in microscopically identifying the pathogens of parasitic diseases in feces. The virtual remote educational computer technology tools that included different combinations of 16 helminthic species, 5 intestinal protozoan species, and a number of artefacts, were used. The specialists from 984 laboratories of multidisciplinary therapeutic-prophylactic organizations and hygiene and epidemiology centers in all Federal Districts of the Russian Federation were covered. A total of 8245 replies were analyzed. The detection rate for helminths was 64.0%, including those by a taxonomic group (nematodes, 65.0%; cestodes, 72.0%; trematodes, 55.1%). There was a dynamic decrease in the above indicators. There were low detection rates for trematodes parasitizing the small intestine (Metagonimus, 10.2%; Nanophyetus, 26.2%) and hepatobiliary organs (Fasciola, 59.6%; Clonorchis, 34.9%). The similar trend was seen in the detection rates for the pathogens of geohelminthisms (ascariasis, trichocephaliasis, etc.) and contagious helminthisms (enterobiasis, hymenolepiasis). The level of competence in detecting and identifying intestinal protozoa was much lower than the similar rates for helminthism pathogens. EQA for the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogens of parasitic diseases, by using the virtual tools is a leading element of the postgraduate training system for laboratory specialists. The results of EQA for the laboratory diagnosis of the pathogens of parasitic diseases are a basic material for the development, and improvement of training modernization programs, by applying a modular approach.

[CLINICAL CASE OF DIROFILARIASIS.]

The paper describes a case of the rare localization of a pregnant Dirofilaria female in a man's genitalia. Patient T born in 1973 was infected in the Krasnoyarsk Territory presumably in the summer of 2012. A migratory mass appeared under the skin of the chest at the beginning of 2016. A dense mass was located beneath the skin in the penis by early April. Histological specimens from the removed tumor, entered the specialized Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory for parasitic diseases. The specimens exhibited transverse and oblique sections of Dirofilaria spp. The body cavity contained nematodes - multiple microfilariae. However, routine studies and PCR could not reveal the microfilariae in the blood.