Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and depression: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression has become a multifaceted global health issue, with complex connections to obesity. Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) can effectively evaluate central obesity, but the relationship between WWI and depression has not been well studied. The study aims to investigate the potential correlation between these two health parameters. Methods: According to the data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this cross-sectional study used multiple regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and smooth curve fitting to explore the relationship between WWI and depression. The assessment ability of WWI was evaluated and compared to other obesity indicators using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: This study analyzed 38,154 participants. Higher WWI is associated with higher depression scores (ß = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.36-0.47). After adjusting for various confounding factors, the positive correlation between WWI and depression remained significant (P for trend < 0.0001). Nonlinear positive correlation was detected with a breakpoint of 11.14. ROC analysis shows that compared to other obesity indicators (ROCWWI = 0.593; ROCBMI = 0.584; and ROCWC = 0.581), the correlation between WWI and depression has better discrimination and accuracy. DII mediated 4.93%, SII mediated 5.08%, and sedentary mediated 0.35% of the total association between WWI and depression. Conclusion: WWI levels were related to an increased likelihood of depression and showed a stronger relationship than BMI and waist circumference. Our findings indicated that WWI may serve as a simple anthropometric index to evaluate depression.

A novel strategy for the quality control of carbonized Typhae pollen using colorimeter, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and efficacy evaluation coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.

In this study, a novel quality control strategy was proposed, aiming to establish a multivariate specification for the processing step by exploring the correlation between colors, chemical components, and hemostatic effects of the carbonized Typhae pollen (CTP) using multivariate statistical analysis. The CTP samples were stir-fried at different durations. Afterward, the colorimeter and LC-MS techniques were applied to characterize the CTP samples, followed by the determination of bleeding time and clotting time using mice to evaluate their hemostatic effect. Then, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multi-block partial least squares were used for data analysis on colors, chemical components, and their correlation with the hemostatic effect. Consequently, 13 critical quality attributes (CQAs) of CTP were identified via multivariate statistical analysis-L*, a*, b*, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, azelaic acid, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. The multivariate specification method involving the 13 CQAs was developed and visualized in the latent variable space of the partial least squares model, indicating that the proposed method was successfully applied to assess the quality of CTP and the degree of carbonization. Most importantly, this study offers a novel insight into the control of processing for carbonized Chinese herbal medicines.

Related factors of endogenous erythropoietin and its association with 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease in a community-based Chinese study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the associated factors of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) and its association with 10-year risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a Chinese community-based general population.@*METHODS@#The participants of this study were from an atherosclerosis cohort survey which was established by the Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital in 2011. The cohort survey was performed in the Gucheng and Pingguoyuan communities of Shijingshan district in Beijing, China. The inclusion criteria of this study were: (1) endogenous EPO was measured; (2) health questionnaire data and other clinical data were complete; (3) participatants who had cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (defined as self-reported coronary heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack) or anemia or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/(min·1.73 m2) at baseline were excluded. Multivariate linear regression model was used to examine the associated factors of endogenous EPO. The participants were grouped into low (< 5%), moderate (5%-10%) and high risk (≥10%) groups, based on predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk using the prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China (China-PAR) equations.@*RESULTS@#A total of 4 013 participants were included. Mean age of them was (55.9±8.2) years, 62.2% (n=2 496) of them were female, and 46.3% (n=1 859), 70.9% (n=2 845), 21.9% (n=879) had hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, individually. The average body mass index was (26.1±3.3) kg/m2. The median of EPO level was 12.8 (9.3-17.4) IU/L and 25.1% (n=998) were at high 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease. Hemoglobin (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.07 to -0.04) and eGFR ≥90 mL/(min·1.73 m2) (β=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.07 to -0.04) were associated with lower in transformed EPO levels while hypertension (β=0.08, 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.12) and obesity (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.18) were associated with higher in transformed EPO levels in multivariate linear regression analyses. Ten-year cardiovascular disease risks were positively associated with in transformed EPO levels (β=0.07, 95%CI: 0.05 to 0.09). The participants at moderate and high cardiovascular disease risks had significant higher EPO levels than the low risk group (all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In community-based Beijing populations, endogenous EPO was associated with hemoglobin, renal function, obesity and hypertension. Individuals at high 10-years cardiovascular disease risks have higher endogenous EPO levels. Endogenous EPO may be a potential risk marker of cardiovascular disease.

Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on functional connectivity in the related brain regions of patients with depression based on the resting-state fMRI / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the brain effect mechanism and the correlation between brain functional imaging and cognitive function in treatment of depressive disorder (DD) with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) based on the resting-state functional magenetic reasonance imaging (rs-fMRI).@*METHODS@#Thirty-two DD patients were included in a depression group and 32 subjects of healthy condition were enrolled in a normal group. In the depression group, the taVNS was applied to bilateral Xin (CO15) and Shen (CO10), at disperse-dense wave, 4 Hz/20 Hz in frequency and current intensity ≤20 mA depending on patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice daily. The duration of treatment consisted of 8 weeks. The patients of two groups were undertaken rs-fMRI scanning. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) were observed in the normal group at baseline and the depression group before and after treatment separately. The differential brain regions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups and the value of degree centrality (DC) of fMRI was obtained. Their correlation was analyzed in terms of HAMD, HAMA and WCST scores.@*RESULTS@#The scores of HAMD and HAMA in the depression group were all higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower than those before treatment in the depression group; the scores of total responses, response errors and perseverative errors of WCST were all lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The brain regions with significant differences included the left inferior temporal gyrus, the left cerebellar peduncles region 1, the left insula, the right putamen, the bilateral supplementary motor area and the right middle frontal gyrus. After treatment, the value of DC in left supplementary motor area was negatively correlated to HAMD and HAMA scores respectively (r=-0.324, P=0.012; r=-0.310, P=0.015); the value of DC in left cerebellar peduncles region 1 was negatively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=-0.322, P=0.013), and the left insula was positively correlated to the total responses of WCST (r=0.271, P=0.036).@*CONCLUSION@#The taVNS can modulate the intensity of the functional activities of some brain regions so as to relieve depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function.

Effects of niraparib on the radiosensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells and its mechanism / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of niraparib, the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, on the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism.Methods:Human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells ECA-109 and KYSE-150 were divided into the control, niraparib, single irradiation, combined (niraparib+irradiation) groups. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The changes of cell survival rate were detected by colony formation assay. The changes of cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The number of γH2AX foci was detected by immunofluorescence, and the expression levels of PARP-1, cleaved-PARP, RAD51, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) ] and p-MAPK (ERK1/2) proteins were determined by Western blot. All data were expressed as Mean±SD. Data between two groups conforming to normal distribution through the normality test were subject to independent sample t-test and multiple groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results:In human ESCC cells ECA-109 and KYSE-150, the proliferation of ESCC cells was significantly inhibited by niraparib combined with irradiation, and the values of average lethal dose (D 0), quasi-threshould dose(D q), survival fraction after 2 Gy irradiation (SF 2) in the combined group were decreased compared with those in the single irradiation group. The effect of irradiation alone on apoptosis of ECA-109 and KYSE-150 cells was limited. Compared to single irradiation group, irradiation combined with niraparib further increased the apoptosis rate in ESCC cells ( P=0.015, P=0.006). In ECA-109 cells, G 2/M phase arrest was significantly increased in combined group compared with irradiation alone group ( P<0.001). In ECA-109 cells, the number of γH2AX foci in combined group was higher than that in the single irradiation group after 2 h, and showed a significantly slower decay of γH2AX foci ( P<0.001). Moreover, niraparib combined with irradiation enhanced the radiation-induced cleavage of PARP-1 and down-regulated the expression of Rad51 and p-MAPK(ERK1/2). Conclusion:Niraparib can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, inhibiting the repair of DNA damage and regulating the MARK-ERK signaling pathway.

The effectiveness and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab for patients with inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab in the treatment of patients with inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 503 patients with inoperable ESCC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Changzhou No. 2 People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from 2014 to 2020. Among these patients, 69 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab (the combined therapy group) and 434 received concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone (the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group). Patients of both groups were matched at a ratio of 1∶2 using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. As a result, 168 patients were determined for clinical analysis, including 61 in the combined therapy group and 107 in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions of both groups were compared. The overall survival (OS) curves and progression-free survival (PFS) curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method for the Log-rank test.Results:The two groups showed no statistical difference ( P > 0.05) in clinical baseline characteristics after the PSM. The objective response rate (ORR) of the combined therapy group was significantly higher than that of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group with statistically significant differences (85.2% vs. 71.0%, χ2 = 4.33, P = 0.037). There was no statistical difference (98.4% vs. 91.6%, P > 0.05) in the disease control rate (DCR) between the two groups. The combined therapy group had median PFS of 28.07 months and 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS ratios of 78.2%, 37.5% and 29.1%, respectively. The concurrent chemoradiotherapy group had mPFS of 19.54 months and 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS ratios of 72.9%, 28.3% and 21.3%, respectively. Both groups showed statistically significant differences in PFS ( χ2 = 4.49, P = 0.034). The combined group had median OS of 34.93 months and 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS ratios of 88.5%, 46.8% and 37.4%, respectively. The concurrent chemoradiotherapy group had mOS of 24.30 months and 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS ratios of 81.3%, 35.2% and 28.0%, respectively. Both groups showed statistically significant differences in OS (χ 2= 5.11, P = 0.024), but did not show statistical differences ( P > 0.05) in the severity degree of each adverse effect during the treatment. Conclusions:Concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab can improve the ORR and prolong the PFS and OS of patients with inoperable ESCC compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. Furthermore, combining with nimotuzumab does not increase adverse effects and can be tolerated by patients with high safety.

Research Progress in Physiological Evaluation and Treatment of Visually Induced Motion Sickness in Virtual Reality / 中国医学科学院学报

Visually induced motion sickness(VIMS)is the major barrier to be broken in the development of virtual reality(VR)technology,which seriously affects the progress in the VR industry.Therefore,the detection and evaluation of VIMS has become a hot research topic nowadays.We review the progress in physiological assessment of VIMS in VR based on several physiological indicators,including electroencephalogram(EEG),postural sway,eye movements,heart rate variability,and skin electrical signals,and summarize the available therapies,aiming to provide an outlook on the future research directions of VIMS.

Application of partial least squares algorithm to explore bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed at identifying the bioactive components of the crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion, respectively, to clarify the processing mechanism of hawthorn by applying the partial least squares(PLS) algorithm to build the spectrum-effect relationship model. Firstly, different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were prepared, respectively. Then, the contents of 24 chemical components were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effects of different polar fractions of crude hawthorn and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were evaluated by measuring the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate. Finally, the PLS algorithm was used to establish the spectrum-effect relationship model. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 24 chemical components for different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions, and the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate of model rats were improved by administration of different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions. The bioactive components of crude hawthorn identified by PLS models were vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid, while neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid were the bioactive components of stir-baked hawthorn. This study provided data support and scientific basis for identifying the bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn, and clarifying the processing mechanism of hawthorn.

Profiles and differences of submucosal microbial in peri-implantitis and health implants: A cross-sectional study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the submucosal microbial profiles of peri-implantitis and healthy implants, and to explore bacteria that might be correlated with clinical parameters.@*METHODS@#In the present cross-sectional study, 49 patients were recruited. Each patient contributed with one implant, submucosal biofilms were collected from 20 healthy implants and 29 implants with peri-implantitis. DNA was extracted and bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes were amplified. Submucosal biofilms were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing at Illumina MiSeq platform. Differences between the groups were determined by analyzing α diversity, microbial component and microbial structure. The potential correlation between the bacteria with pocket probing depth (PPD) of peri-implant calculated by Spearman correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The α diversity of submucosal microbial of health group was significantly lower than that in peri-implantitis group (Chao1 index: 236.85±66.13 vs. 150.54±57.43, P < 0.001; Shannon index: 3.42±0.48 vs. 3.02±0.65, P=0.032). Principal coordinated analysis showed that the submucosal microbial structure had significant difference between healthy and peri-implantitis groups [R2=0.243, P=0.001, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM)]. Compared with healthy implants, relative abundance of periodontal pathogens were higher in peri-implantitis, including members of the red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola) and some members of orange complex (Precotella intermedia, Eubacterium nodatum, Parvimonas micra), as well as some new periodontal pathogens, such as Fillifactor alocis, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Desulfobulbus sp._HMT_041, and Porphyromonas endodontalis. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Treponema denticola (r=0.686, P < 0.001), Tannerella forsythia (r=0.675, P < 0.001), Fretibacterium sp. (r=0.671, P < 0.001), Desulfobulbus sp._HMT_041 (r=0.664, P < 0.001), Filifactor alocis (r=0.642, P < 0.001), Fretibacterium fastidiosum (r=0.604, P < 0.001), Porphyromonas gingivalis (r=0.597, P < 0.001), Porphyromonas endodontalis (r=0.573, P < 0.001) were positive correlated with PPD. While the relative abundance of Rothia aeria (r=-0.615, P < 0.001) showed negatively correlation with PPD.@*CONCLUSION@#Marked differences were observed in the microbial profiles of healthy implants and peri-implantitis. The members of red and orange complex as well as some new periodontal pathogens seem to play an important role in peri-implant disease. Compared with healthy implants, the submucosal microbial of peri-implantitis were characterized by high species richness and diversity.

Evolving of treatment paradigms and challenges in acute promyelocytic leukaemia: A real-world analysis of 1105 patients over the last three decades.

Although acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a highly curable disease, challenges of early death (ED) and relapse still exist, and real-world data are scarce in the ATRA plus ATO era. A total of 1105 APL patients from 1990 to 2020 were enrolled and categorized into three treatment periods, namely ATRA, ATRA plus ATO, and risk-adapted therapy. The early death (ED) rate was 20.2%, 10.1%, and 7.0%, respectively, in three periods, while there was no significant decline in the 7-day death rate. Consistently, the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of APL patients markedly improved over time. Despite the last two periods exhibiting similar DFS, the chemotherapy load was substantially lower in Period 3. Notably, leveraging older age and higher WBC count (especially > 50 × 109/L), we could identify a small group of extremely high-risk patients who had a very high ED rate and poor prognosis, while those with NRAS mutations and higher WBC tended to relapse, both representing obstacles to curing all patients. In conclusion, the evolvement of treatment paradigms can reduce the ED rate, improve clinical outcomes, and spare patients the toxicity of chemotherapy. Special care and innovative agents are warranted for the particularly high-risk APL.

Response surface optimization of light conditions for organic matter accumulation in two different shapes of Arthrospira platensis.

Arthrospira platensis has attracted wide attention as a cyanobacteria with high nutritional value. In this research, the response surface method was used to study the effects of light cycle, light intensity and red-blue LED conditions on the growth and organic matter accumulation in spiral shaped strain A. platensis OUC623 and linear shaped strain A. platensis OUC793. The light conditions suitable for A. platensis OUC623 were as follows: growth (light time 12.01 h, light intensity 35.64 µmol/m2s, LED red: blue = 6.38:1); chlorophyll a (light time 12.75 h, light intensity 31.06 µmol/m2s, red: blue = 6.25:1); carotenoid (light time 13.12 h, light intensity 32.25 µmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.79:1); polysaccharide (light time 16.00 h, light intensity 31.32 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 6.24:1); protein (light time 12.18 h, light intensity 6.12 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 7.95:1); phycocyanin (light time12.00 h, light intensity 5.00 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1). The light conditions suitable for A. platensis OUC793 were as follows: growth (light time 13.52 h, light intensity 40.22 µmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.98:1); chlorophyll a (light time 14.22 h, light intensity 44.96 µmol/m2s, red: blue = 5.94:1); carotenoid (light time 14.13 h, light intensity 44.50 µmol/m2s, red: blue = 6.02:1); polysaccharide (light time 16.00 h, light intensity 31.85 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 6.08:1); protein (light time12.00 h, light intensity 5.00 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1); phycocyanin (light time12.01 h, light intensity 5.01 µmol/m2s, blue: red = 8.00:1). Under the theoretical optimal light conditions, compared with white LED, the growth rate, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, protein and polysaccharide contents in strain 623 increased by 91.67%, 114.70%, 85.05%, 563.54%, 386.14%, 201.18%, and in strain 793 increased by 75.00%, 150.94%, 113.43%, 427.09%, 1284.71%, 312.38%, respectively. The two strains showed different advantages. Growth rate, chlorophyll a, polysaccharide, protein and phycocyanin content of strain 623 were higher than those of strain 793, while carotenoid was higher in strain 793. After optimization, both strains could reach a good growth state, and the growth rate and organic matter content were close. And then a 20 L photobioreactor was used to expand the culture of the two strains, validating the theoretical optimal light conditions of response surface method. This study laid the foundation for the establishment of optical conditions for organic matter accumulation in two different strains of A. platensis, which provided more options for meeting the industrialization needs of A. platensis.

Protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning on neurological function in rats with HIE.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of neonatal death and disability, which can lead to long-term neurological and motor dysfunction. Currently, inhalation anesthetics are widely used in surgery, and some studies have found that isoflurane (ISO) may have a positive effect on neuroprotection. In this paper, we investigated whether ISO pretreatment has a neuroprotective effect on the neurological function of HIE rats. Here, 7-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham group, a hypoxic-ischemic (HI) group, and an ISO pretreatment (pretreatment) group. The pretreatment group was pretreated with 2% ISO for 1 h, followed by the HI group to establish an HI animal model. The HI­induced neurological injury was evaluated by Zea­Longa scores and triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining. Neuronal number and histomorphological changes were observed with Nissl staining and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. In addition, motor learning memory function was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM), the Y-maze, and the rotarod tests. HI induced severe neurological dysfunction, brain infarction, and cell apoptosis as well as obvious neuron loss in neonatal rats. In the MWM, the rats in the pretreatment group showed a decrease in escape latency (p = 0.042), indicating that pretreatment with ISO could improve the learning ability of HI rats. The results of Nissl staining showed that in the HI group, there was an irregular arrangement of neurons and nuclear fixation; however, the cell damage was significantly reduced and the total number of neurons was increased after ISO pretreatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ISO pretreatment improved cognitive function and attenuated HI-induced reduction of Nissl-positive cells and spatial memory impairment, suggesting that pretreatment with ISO before HI modeling could reduce neuronal cell death in the hippocampus after HI.

Effects of polyol excipient stability during storage and use on the quality of biopharmaceutical formulations / 药物分析学报

Biopharmaceuticals are formulated using a variety of excipients to maintain their storage stability.However,some excipients are prone to degradation during repeated use and/or improper storage,and the impurities generated by their degradation are easily overlooked by end users and are usually not strictly monitored,affecting the stability of biopharmaceuticals.In this study,we evaluated the degra-dation profile of polyol excipient glycerol during repeated use and improper storage and identified an unprecedented cyclic ketal impurity using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The other polyol excipient,mannitol,was much more stable than glycerol.The effects of degraded glycerol and mannitol on the stability of the model biopharmaceutical pentapeptide,thymopentin,were also evaluated.The thymopentin content was only 66.4％in the thymopentin formulations with degraded glycerol,compared to 95.8％in other formulations after the stress test.Most glycerol impurities(i.e.,aldehydes and ketones)reacted with thymopentin,affecting the stability of thymopentin formulations.In conclusion,this work suggests that more attention should be paid to the quality changes of excipients during repeated use and storage.Additional testing of excipient stability under real or accelerated conditions by manufacturers would help avoid unexpected and painful results.

Potent Anti⁃bacteria Activity of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride and Ningmitai Capsule in Combination by Regulating the Gene Expression Related to β⁃Lactamase, Hemolysis, and Virulence / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Tamsulosin hydrochloride (TSH) is a selective α

Calycosin inhibits proliferation and migration of human triple-negative breast cancer cells through intervening Hippo pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of calycosin on proliferation and migration of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were intervened by calycosin,and the proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 method. The apoptosis and cycle of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of calycosin on the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells was observed using cell scratch. The mRNA expression of EMT related genes was detected by RT-PCR. The effects of calycosin on the expression of key proteins of Hippo pathway and EMT related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Calycosin could significantly inhibit the proliferation,migration and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells,and markedly inhibit the expression of Hippo signaling pathway and EMT related protein. Conclusion Calycosin may induce MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis,block cell cycle and inhibit cell migration by inhibiting Hippo signaling pathway and EMT pathway.

New strategies for cartilage regeneration in tissue-engineered trachea / 国际外科学杂志

The normal ventilatory function is severely impaired by tracheal traumas, stenoses, tumors and some congenital diseases, which could result in tissue hypoxia and endangering the life of the patient. Resection and reconstruction of tracheal lesions is the most effective way to treat these diseases. At present, there is still no long-term safe and reliable method to achieve the reconstruction of long-segment trachea injury in clinical practice, and tissue-engineered trachea may be the solution to this situation. Cartilage, as one of the most important parts of tissue engineered trachea, plays a key role in providing mechanical support and maintaining the integrity of trachea. Tracheal tissue engineering cartilage regeneration process consists of several important parts, including the source of the cartilage cells, tissue engineering scaffold construction strategy and hydrogel composite scaffold material preparation, and the affecting factors of biological activity and application. This article reviews the new strategies of tissue engineered tracheal cartilage regeneration and the existing obstacles in order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Efficacy of combined application of glycine powder air-polishing in non-surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of combined application of glycine powder air-polishing and mechanical submucosal debridement in non-surgical treatment of peri-implant diseases.@*METHODS@#A randomized controlled clinical study was carried out on patients diagnosed with peri-implant diseases in the Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, between May of 2020 and June of 2021.Twenty-eight patients with totally sixty-two implants were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into the test group and control group. The patients in the test group (13 subjects/32 implants) received mechanical submucosal debridement using titanium curettes combined with application of glycine powder air-polishing, while the control group (15 subjects/30 implants) received mechanical submucosal debridement using titanium only. Clinical parameters, such as plaque index (PLI), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI) and the percentage of suppuration on probing on implants' level (SoP%) were measured at baseline and 8 weeks after non-surgical intervention. Changes and group differences of clinical parameters of the implants before and 8 weeks after non-surgical intervention were compared.@*RESULTS@#Mean PLI, PPD, BI of both the test group and control group significantly reduced 8 weeks after non-surgical intervention (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the test group achieved lower BI (2.7±0.8 vs. 2.2±0.7, P < 0.05), more reduction of BI (0.6±0.7 vs. 1.1±0.6, P < 0.01) and more reduction of SoP% (21.9% vs. 10%, P < 0.05) after non-surgical intervention. Both the control and test groups exhibited comparable PLI and PPD reductions (P>0.05). For the implants diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis, the test group revealed more signi-ficant reduction in BI and SoP% than the control group (1.0±0.7 vs. 0.4±0.7, P=0.02; 6.3% vs. 0, P=0.012). There was no significant difference existing in PLI and PD improvement between the control group and test group (P>0.05). For the implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis, there was no significant difference existing in PLI, PPD, BI and SoP% improvement values between the test and control groups (P>0.05). No complications or discomforts were reported during the study.@*CONCLUSION@#Both treatment procedures could relieve the inflammation of peri-implant soft tissue. Non-surgical mechanical submucosal debridement combined application of glycine powder air-polishing is associated with significant reduction of soft tissue bleeding and suppuration on probing especially in the implants diagnosed with peri-implant mucositis.

Autopsies and placental examinations of perinatal fetal deaths: a clinicopathological analysis of 105 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinicopathological factors related to perinatal fetal death and to evaluate importance of fetal autopsy and placental pathology. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 105 perinatal fetal deaths in Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2012 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Relevant literature was also reviewed. Results: The maternal age of the deceased fetuses ranged from 22 to 43 years with the average (31.35±4.04 years), and the gestational weeks were 28-40+6 weeks. Among them, 101 were singleton cases and 4 twin cases. 103 fetuses died in uterus and 2 died during delivery. Relevant factors analysis of the 105 perinatal fetal deaths showed that 86 cases (81.9%, 86/105) were related to umbilical cord/placental abnormality, 10 cases (9.5%, 10/105) uterine infection, 6 cases (5.7%, 6/105) fetal factors, 1 case was fetal maternal blood transfusion syndrome, 1 case twin blood transfusion syndrome, and 1 case died of complete uterine rupture. Among the 86 cases related to umbilical cord/placental abnormality, the diagnosis was most often based on the gross examination of placenta. The most common cause of death was umbilical cord torsion with thin root, followed by placental abruption, tight umbilical cord winding, vascular rupture and umbilical cord true knot. The morphology of placenta revealed mainly functional changes. Among the 10 cases related to intrauterine infections, the placenta generally showed lobular placental edema. The morphological characteristics of ascending infection were mainly acute chorioamnionitis, and the morphological characteristics of blood-borne infection were mainly acute or chronic villitis, as well as villous interstitial inflammation. Identification of viral inclusions suggested viral etiology, while the final diagnosis was relied on laboratory testing. Among the 6 cases related to fetal abnormality, the diagnostic value of placenta was limited and the diagnosis could be made with fetal autopsy. Conclusion: The causes of perinatal fetal death are complex, diverse, and often the synergistic result of multiple factors. Fetal autopsy and placental pathology are the key technical means to identify the cause of death and deserve more attention and utilization.

Singleton placentas with abnormal shape: a clinicopathological analysis of 130 cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics of singleton placenta with abnormal shape and its influence on the outcome of maternal-fetal pregnancy. Methods: The clinicopathological data of singleton placentas with abnormal shape from January 2014 to December 2020 in the Department of Pathology, Haidian Maternal and Children Health Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 130 singleton placentas with abnormal shape in this cohort, including 48 succenturiate placentas, 12 bilobed placentas, 50 marginate placentas, 13 circumvallate placentas, 3 annular placentas, 2 membranous placentas and 2 fenestrated placentas. Gestational age ranged from 29+5 to 40+4 weeks. There were 51 cases of premature rupture of membranes, 11 cases of placenta previa, 5 cases of placental abruption, 15 cases of placental adhesion/implantation and 27 cases of postpartum hemorrhage. There were 46 preterm fetuses,28 fetuses with fetal growth restriction, 22 fetuses with intrauterine distress, and 1 fetus with intrauterine death. Grossly, the placental lobules of succenturiate placentas had apparent size difference, while two lobules of bilobate placenta were more consistent. The chorionic plate size was smaller than the bottom plate of circumvallate placenta, the folded fetal membrane in the rim of placenta was thickened (termed marginate placenta if there was no thickening). The membranous placenta was characterized by a thin, large membrane-like shape. Annular placenta showed characteristic hollow cylinder, ring or horseshoe-shape. Fenestrated placenta was characterized by tissue defects near central area. Microscopically, functional/morphologic changes were the main manifestations of inadequate maternal-fetal perfusion, including villous infarction, distal villous dysplasia and excessive villous maturation. Conclusions: The abnormal shaped singleton placentas showed variable extent of inadequate maternal-fetal perfusion, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as premature delivery, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine distress or fetal death.

Effect of family-based swallowing training program on swallowing function for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of family swallowing training program on swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy. Methods From September, 2020 to September, 2021, 45 patients with head and neck tumors who received radiotherapy in the oncology department of Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 23) and observation group (n = 22). Both groups received routine treatment, and the observation group received swallowing training program for 14 weeks at the beginning of radiotherapy, including six weeks of individualized guidance training in hospital and eight weeks of home training after leaving the hospital. The incisors spacing, body mass, Kubota Water Swallowing Test (WST) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were compared at the beginning of training, six weeks and 14 weeks after training. Results At the beginning of training, there was no significant difference in incisor spacing, body mass and the scores of WST and FOIS between two groups (P > 0.05). Six weeks and 14 weeks after training, the incisors spacing, and the scores of WST and FOIS were better in the observation group than in the control group (|Z| > 2.332, P < 0.05). Conclusion Family-based swallowing training program is helpful to improve the limitation of mouth opening and dysphagia caused by radiotherapy. Family-based swallowing training program is simple, safe, economical and highly operable, which is worthy of clinical promotion.