RESUMO
Rocky outcrops are known for low humidity, rainfall and high solar radiation, factors that limit the development of some vegetables. However, some species of the genus Anemia occurring in these environments. Thus, understanding the anatomical characters present in these vegetables are important for botanical and biodiversity knowledge in rock fields. We described the leaf anatomy of six species of Anemia to identify characters adapted to rocky outcrops for ferns. Herbarium samples were rehydrated. Field-collected leaves, were also sampled, the material was subjected to standard anatomical study by light microscopy, and secretions were evaluated by histochemical of the secondary compounds, with ruthenium red, tannic acid, ferric chloride, lugol, Sudan black B, vanillin/hydrochloric acid, Dragendorff's reagent and ponceau xylidine. Histochemical tests were positive for phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and proteins in A. buniifolia, A. oblongifolia, A. presliana, and A. trichorhiza. Our findings revealed that several structural and histochemical characters of Anemia with trichomes, conical stegmatas, phenolic compounds, mucilages and alkaloids are related to reducing water loss, providing an adaptive value to species in extreme environments, such as rocky outcrops, in addition to new data relevant to the group taxonomy, such as the presence of amphistomatic leaves in A. trichorhiza.
Assuntos
Anemia , Traqueófitas , Anemia/etiologia , Microscopia , Folhas de Planta/química , TricomasRESUMO
Glandular trichomes play a major role in the morphological characterization of the Bignoniaceae. Due to their great diversity of forms and functions, this study aimed to inventory the glandular trichomes present in the aerial vegetative axis of Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata and Stizophyllum riparium, analyze their structure and register the participation of ants in these plants. Fresh samples from the nodal region, petiole and from medium to apical regions of the leaflet blade were fixed and processed according to usual methods in light and scanning electron microscopies. The glandular trichomes found were: peltate, capitate, stipitate, and patelliform/cupular. Peltate trichomes are the most abundant ones and present the most uniform distribution. Patelliform/cupular trichomes occur at specific regions, such as prophylls, leaflet blade and nodal regions. Martinella obovata is the only species that presents capitate and stipitate trichomes, which are widely distributed along the entire aerial vegetative axis. Ants were found in all species, mainly at nodal regions. The occurrence of the capitate-type trichome is reported for the first time to the genus.
Tricomas glandulares desempenham papel importante na caracterização morfológica de Bignoniaceae e, devido à grande diversidade de formas e funções que esses tricomas apresentam, o objetivo desse estudo foi inventariar os tricomas glandulares presentes no eixo vegetativo aéreo de Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata. e Stizophyllum riparium, bem como analisar sua estrutura e registrar a participação de formigas nessas espécies. Amostras frescas da região mediana à apical das lâmina foliolar, pecíolo e nó foram fixadas e processadas de acordo com os métodos usuais para microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Os tricomas glandulares encontrados nas espécies foram: peltados, capitados, estipitados e pateliformes/cupuliformes. Dentre esses tipos o mais abundante foi o tricoma peltado, apresentando também uma distribuição mais uniforme que os demais. Os tricomas pateliformes/cupuliformes estavam em regiões mais específicas, como profilos, lâmina foliolar e na região nodal. Martinella obovata foi a única espécie que apresentou os tricomas capitados e estipitados, amplamente distribuídos ao longo de todo eixo vegetativo aéreo. Em todas as espécies foram encontradas formigas, principalmente nas regiões nodais. A ocorrência do tricoma capitado é relatada pela primeira vez para o gênero.
