The relation between persistent foramen tympanicum and degenerative bone alterations in temporomandibular joint region.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the relationship of persistent foramen tympanicum (PFT) with degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the presence of pneumatized glenoid fossae and articular eminences. METHOD: Two experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists evaluated 510 CBCT scans, from which 94 patients were divided into two groups: G1-patients with PFT and G2-control group. The location of the PFT, presence, or absence of degenerative TMJ changes and morphology were evaluated. Similarly, all images were evaluated for the presence of pneumatized articular eminence and glenoid fossa. The Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test were used for the categorical variables. A multinomial logistic regression model was performed for subgroup analysis. To assess the estimation-chance occurrence of TMJ alterations the Odds Ratio analysis was used. RESULTS: Statistically significant results were found for erosion, planning, and subchondral cyst. Regarding TMJ morphology, significant results were found for: round, flat, and others. Moreover, it was possible to observe that patients who had the PFT were approximately 48 times more likely to manifest TMJ alterations and approximately 3 times more likely to manifest articular eminence pneumatization. CONCLUSION: Since individuals who have FTP have a greater chance of having TMJ and PEA changes, it is important for the dental radiologist to be aware of these signs in CBCT scans for a correct diagnosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CAAE: 34328214.3.0000.0104 (11/30/2014).

Different manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis: case reports.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is endemic in South America. A patient can be infected via fungus inhalation in the mycelium phase. Oral manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis are often the first clinical sign of disease, but their appearance can vary. As a result, many clinicians are unable to identify this infection early. Late diagnosis can result in serious complications, such as pulmonary changes, or even death. This article reports 2 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis with different oral manifestations, reviews the literature, and discusses the various appearances of this infection and its differential diagnoses in order to emphasize the importance of performing a detailed clinical examination to make an accurate diagnosis and refer the patient for appropriate treatment.