[The clinical significance of the relationship between serum lost goodwill target proteome and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score of patient with critical illness].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of serum lost goodwill target (LGT) proteome, and to analyze its clinical significance in evaluating prognosis of patient with critical illness on the basis of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score. METHODS: The serum samples were collected from 96 patients with critical illness and 30 healthy volunteers as healthy control. The expression of serum LGT proteome was detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) protein chip technology. The abundance value of LGT proteome in patients at admission was measured, and at the same time APACHE II score was estimated, in order to analyze its clinical significance in patients with critical illness. RESULTS: The amount of LGT proteome in APACHEII≥15 group [n =35, (9.26 ± 7.51)%] was significantly higher than that of APACHEII and it;15 group [n=61, (4.19 ± 4.07)%], and the LGT proteome amount in both groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group [(1.52 ± 0.47)%, both P <0.01]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between the abundance of LGT proteome and the APACHE II score (r =0.317 ,P =0.002). The abundance of LGT proteome in death group[n =23, (10.14 ± 9.23)%] was significantly higher than that in survival group [ n =73, (5.8 3 ± 3.57)%, P <0.01]. The fatality rate of the LGT proteome group with average abundance exceeding 5% [68.0% (17/25)] was significantly higher than that of the LGT proteome group with average abundance lower than 5% [8.5% (6/71), P<0.01]. According to the LGT proteome abundance to evaluate the prognosis of the patients,the positive predict rate was 68.0 %,the negative predict rate was 91.5 %, the false positive rate was 32.0%, the false negative rate was 8.5%. CONCLUSION: The LGT proteome was intimately correlated with the severity degree of disease condition and prognosis in patients with critical illness. The determination of LGT proteome combined with APACHE IIscore evaluation can probably be an important indicator in evaluating the prognosis of patient with critical illness. Further research on LGT proteome is warranted to facilitate the prognostication and clinical decision making.

[Quantitative analysis of the concentration of Br-doping in micro-shell coating with XRF].

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) physics experiment, the micro-shell that contains Br-doped CH coating must be characterized for doping Br concentration level. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), with its unique capability to quantitatively determine concentrations of most elements simultaneously and non-destructively, is generally the method of choice for total dopant (Z > 11) concentration. In the present paper, a method to determine the dopant concentration in ICF micro-shell coating with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is described, and the calibration model is founded by the calculation of fluorescence intensity of film and micro-shell sample. Based on the calibration model, the fluorescence intensity vs concentration of Br-doped CH coating of micro-shell was obtained. The experiment result shows that X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a nondestructive and accurate method of measurement of coating dopant in the inertial confinement fusion micro-shell sample, and the measuring error is about 5% for Br doped CH coating of micro-shells with 10 micron thickness coating.

[Raman spectra analysis of bromine doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C : Br : H) films deposited by RF-PECVD].

Bromine doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C : Br : H) thin films were deposited on silicon wafers by rf. -plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) with a frequency of 13.56 MHz at room temperature using pure bromoethane as a precursor of carbon source mixed with hydrogen (H2) as a carrier gas. The structures of the films prepared by partial pressure of mixed gas (C2 H5 Br/H2) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the intensity of the Raman D peak is stronger, the Raman G peak positions shift up a little, and the value of I(D)/I(G) increases from 1.18 to 1.36, if the gas pressure of mixed C2 H5 Br/H2 is reduced gradually from 20 to 5 Pa. Meanwhile, the growth of thin film turns gradually into low energy mode promoting the transform of sp2-C from chains to rings.

[The effects of chloride channel blockers on thrombocytic cytoplasmic free calcium concentration and platelet aggregation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of chloride channels on the regulation of platelet cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and platelet aggregation (PAG). METHODS: Freshly separated platelets were activated by thrombin. Chloride channel blockers DIDS or NFA and calcium channel blockers SK&F96365 or nifedipine were added to study the effects on platelet [Ca2+]i and PAG by a single reagent or the combination of reagents and find out the interactions among DIDS, NFA, SK&F96365 and nifedipine. RESULTS: Both DIDS and NFA could inhibit the thrombin (1 U/ml) induced PAG in a dose-dependent manner, whereas had little effect on resting [Ca2+]i. As compared with the control group, DIDS, SK&F96365 and Nifedipine could significantly reduce the PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in thrombin activated platelet (P < 0.05). The combination of DIDS and SK&F96365 had greater effects in reducing the PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx than either reagent alone (P < 0.05). The combination of DIDS and nifedipine also had greater effect than each alone in reducing Ca2+ release (P < 0.05). The combination of NFA and SK&F96365 weakened each other's effect on Ca2+ release (P < 0.05), while NFA and nifedipine weakened each other's effects on PAG, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx in thrombin activated platelet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DIDS and NFA have no effect on the resting [Ca2+]i and the leak calcium influx of platelet. DIDS can inhibit the Ca2+ release, Ca2+ influx and PAG of platelet induced by thrombin, while NFA can only inhibit the Ca2+ release. The chloride channel and calcium channel blockers have interactions in affecting resting [Ca2+]i and PAG of platelet. The opening of chloride channel can influence the cellular calcium movement of platelet.

[Study on the variation of platelet function in pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the platelet activity and function in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Twenty-one patients with GDM and 23 patients with PIH in third-trimester were included. Twenty normal pregnant women in third-trimester served as controls. Platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV) were determined on Cell-DYN 1600 and the expression of CD62P was analyzed on FACSC alibur. RESULTS: (1) PC was (181 +/- 56) x 10(9)/L in PIH, (206 +/- 60) x 10(9)/L in GDM and (229 +/- 56) x 10(9)/L in controls, respectively. PC in PIH was lower than that of controls (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between GDM and controls. (2) MPV was (11.2 +/- 2.0) fl in PIH, significantly higher than that of controls (8.7 +/- 1.6) fl (P < 0.001). In GDM, MPV was (9.5 +/- 1.6) fl, without significant difference compared with that of controls. (3) The expression of CD62P increased significantly in PIH compared with controls [CD62P: (42 +/- 13)% vs (26 +/- 7)%, P < 0.001; CD62P(I): 109 +/- 39 vs 75 +/- 13, P < 0.01]. In GDM, the expression of CD62P also increased significantly compared with the normal pregnancy [CD62P(%): (42 +/- 14)% vs (26 +/- 7), P < 0.001; CD62P(I): 100 +/- 42 vs 75 +/- 13, P < 0.05]. (4) All parameters had no significant difference between PIH and GDM. CONCLUSION: Platelet activity is enhanced in PIH and GDM. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of the two diseases.

[The effects of pravastatin on platelet-derived nitric oxide system in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of pravastatin on platelet-derived nitric oxide system in hypercholesterolemia (HC) and atherosclerosis (AS) in rabbits, and the relationship between these changes and atherosclerosis courses. METHODS: Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, 12 in group A, 12 in group B, and 6 in group C. All of them were fed daily with cholesterol-rich food during the first 12 weeks. In addition, in group A, pravastatin (10 mg) was orally administered daily. At the end of the 12th week, 6 in group A and B were killed randomly and their aortas were removed and the pathologic changes were observed. In the following 12 weeks, food enriched with cholesterol was substituted with normal food in all three groups. Pravastatin treatment was continued or started in the remaining members of group A and group B, but not in group C. At the end 24th week, all rabbits were killed and their aortas were examined for the fatty-streaks or atherosclerotic plaques. The expressions of endothelial NOS (eNOS) mRNA and inducible NOS (iNOS ) mRNA, NOS activity, NO production and the level of the serum lipids were measured at 0, 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th week. RESULTS: The expression levels of platelet-derived NOS mRNA, eNOS mRNA ratio in group A had no difference at above time points, while in group B were reduced significantly at 6th week and 12th week compared with at 0 week (P <0.01), and increased at 18th week and 24th week compared with 12th week (P <0.05). The expression levels of eNOS mRNA in group C were reduced at 6th, 12th and 18th, 24th week compared with 0 week (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively), and were reduced in groups B and C compared with group A at 6th ,12th week (P < 0.05) and increased in group A and B compared with group C at 18th, 24th week (P <0.01). The expression levels of iNOS/mRNA among the three groups had no difference. Pathologic finding of the arteries: AS was not found in group A from the 12th to 24th week. While in group B, there were a lot of fatty-streaks on the entire intima of all large arteries at the 12th week. There were also fatty-streaks in the ascending aorta, but were improved at the 24th week. In group C, there were marked plaques in the entire aorta at the 24th week. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of platelet-derived eNOS mRNA, NOS activity, NO production are decreased in HC or AS rabbits. Pravastatin can up-regulate expressions of platelet-derived eNOS mRNA, NOS activity, leading to preventing or improving the pathological courses of AS.

[Effects of 2A-1-1 on the aggregation and Ca2+ influx of platelets].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of 2A-1-1 (purified component from Panax notoginsengs saponins) on the aggregation of and Ca2+ influx into human platelets. METHODS: The aggregation of platelets was tested by nephelometry, Fura-2 fluorescent technique was used for detecting cell [Ca2+]i. The effects of 2A-1-1, nifedipine and SK&F96365 on Ca(2+) influx into human platelets induced by ADP or CPA were observed separately. RESULTS: Nifedipine (< 20 micromol/L) could not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP or the Ca(2+) influx induced by ADP or CPA. SK&F96365 at 20 micromol/L could inhibit the maximal aggregation of platelets induced by ADP with a inhibitory rate of 59.83%, at 15 micromol/L could inhibit the Ca2+ influx induced by CPA or ADP. 2A-1-1 (5, 10 and 20 micromol/L) could inhibit the maximal aggregation of platelets induced by ADP with the inhibitory rates of 47.06%, 53.47% and 71.52%, respectively. 2A-1-1 at 10 and 20 micromol/L could inhibit the Ca2+ influx induced by CPA or ADP. CONCLUSIONS: 2A-1-1 can inhibit platelets aggregation, block the ROC (Receptor-dependent Ca2+ channels) and inhibit Ca2+ influx of human platelets.