Seascapes Shaped the Local Adaptation and Population Structure of South China Coast Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus).

Understanding the genetic composition and regional adaptation of marine species under environmental heterogeneity and fishing pressure is crucial for responsible management. In order to understand the genetic diversity and adaptability of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) along southern China coast, this study was conducted a seascape genome analysis on yellowfin seabream from the ecologically diverse coast, spanning over 1600 km. A total of 92 yellowfin seabream individuals from 15 sites were performed whole-genome resequencing, and 4,383,564 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called. By conducting a genotype-environment association analysis, 29,951 adaptive and 4,328,299 neutral SNPs were identified. The yellowfin seabream exhibited two distinct population structures, despite high gene flow between sites. The seascape genome analysis revealed that genetic structure was influenced by a variety of factors including salinity gradients, habitat distance, and ocean currents. The frequency of allelic variation at the candidate loci changed with the salinity gradient. Annotation of these loci revealed that most of the genes are associated with osmoregulation, such as kcnab2a, kcnk5a, and slc47a1. These genes are significantly enriched in pathways associated with ion transport including G protein-coupled receptor activity, transmembrane signaling receptor activity, and transporter activity. Overall, our findings provide insights into how seascape heterogeneity affects adaptive evolution, while providing important information for regional management in yellowfin seabream populations.

[Effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the functional groups and niche of benthic crustaceans and fishes in mangrove wetland.] / äº’èŠ±ç±³è‰å ¥ä¾µå¯¹çº¢æ ‘æž—åº•æ –ç”²å£³åŠ¨ç‰©å’Œé±¼ç±»åŠŸèƒ½ç¾¤åŠç”Ÿæ€ä½çš„å½±å“.

To investigate the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on mangrove wetland ecosystem, the benthic crustacean and fish samples were collected using cage nets in Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove Wetland, Fujian Pro-vince in August 2020, January and April 2021. The five sampling sites included two mangroves (Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata) sites, two S. alterniflora sites, and one mudflat site. The abundance, biomass, index of relative importance (IRI), Shannon diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (J), and Margalef richness index (D) were used to quantify the dominant species and species diversity of benthic crustaceans and fishes. The functional groups and niche of dominant species were also analyzed. A total of 37 species, from 2 phyla, 2 classes, 8 orders, and 17 families, were identified across the three seasons. Most of them were warm-water and euryhaline species, mainly carnivorous and omnivorous functional groups. The results of two-way analysis of variance and NMDS showed that the community diversity index of benthic crustacean and fish did not change significantly after the invasion of S. alterniflora compared with mudflat. Functional groups had changed significantly, with the species number of plankton functional groups, carnivorous and phytophagous functional groups being increased. Compared with mangrove sites, the number of species of benthic crustacean and fish in S. alterniflora sites was significantly increased. The spatio-temporal niche breadth of dominant species ranged from 0 to 1.4186, with Liza carinata (1.4186), Bostrychus sinensis (1.0168), Metapenaeus ensis (0.9469) and Exopalaemon carinicauda (0.8922) as the top four species.

Nitrogen addition and warming rapidly alter microbial community compositions in the mangrove sediment.

The mangrove ecosystem is an important CO2 sink with an extraordinarily high primary productivity. However, it is vulnerable to the impact of climate warming and eutrophication. While there has been extensive research on plant growth and greenhouse gas emission in mangrove ecosystems, microbial communities, the primary biogeochemical cycling drivers, are much less understood. Here, we examined whether short-term experimental treatments: (1) eutrophication with a supplement of 185 g N m-2·year-1 (N), (2) 3°C warming (W), and (3) the dual treatment of N and W (NW) were sufficient to alter microbial communities in the sediment. After 4 months of experiments, most environmental factors remained unchanged. However, N had significant, strong effects on bacterial, fungal, and functional community compositions, while the effects of W on microbial communities were weaker. N increased bacterial richness, phylogenetic diversity, and evenness, owing to stronger stochastic processes induced by eutrophication. There were no interactive effects of N and W on bacterial, fungal, and functional community compositions, suggesting that joint effects of N and W were additive. Concomitant with higher N2O efflux induced by N, the relative abundances of most bacterial nitrogen cycling genes were increased or remained changed by N. In contrast, N decreased or did not change those of most bacterial carbon degradation genes, while W increased or did not change the relative abundances of most of bacterial and fungal carbon degradation genes, implying higher carbon degradation potentials. As the most abundant inorganic nitrogenous species in mangrove sediment, ammonium was a key factor in shaping microbial functional communities. Collectively, our findings showed that microbial community compositions in the mangrove sediment were highly sensitive to short-term N and W treatments, giving rise to ecological consequences such as higher N2O efflux.

Seasonal variations in soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure influenced by Spartina alterniflora invasion and Kandelia obovata restoration.

Spartina alterniflora invasion has initiated one of the greatest changes to occur in coastal wetlands in China, and ecological replacement using mangrove species such as Kandelia obovata is an effective method for controlling these invasions. The effects of S. alterniflora invasions and subsequent K. obovata restorations on soil microbial community structures in different seasons are still not fully understood. In this study, soil samples were collected from six vegetation types (unvegetated mudflat, invasive S. alterniflora stands, one-/eight-/ten-year K. obovata restoration areas, and native mature K. obovata forests) in summer and winter. The variations in the soil microbial community structure between the vegetation types across two seasons were then characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the physicochemical properties that shaped the microbial communities were also determined. The invasion and restoration processes significantly influenced microbial community diversity, composition, and putative functions in different seasonal patterns. Microbial communities from a ten-year restoration area and a native mature K. obovata area shared more similarities than other areas. In both seasons, the key environmental factors driving microbial community included total carbon and nitrogen content, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, and the soil pH. In addition, total sulfur and total phosphorus contents significantly contributed to structuring microbial communities in summer and winter, respectively. This study provides insights into microbial diversity, composition, and functional profiles in association with physicochemical impacts, with the aim of understanding microbial ecological functions during the invasion and restoration processes in wetland ecosystems.

Relationships between above- and below-ground carbon stocks in mangrove forests facilitate better estimation of total mangrove blue carbon.

BACKGROUND: Although great efforts have been made to quantify mangrove carbon stocks, accurate estimations of below-ground carbon stocks remain unreliable. In this study, we examined the distribution patterns of mangrove carbon stocks in China and other countries using our own field survey data and datasets from published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the possible relationships between above-ground carbon stock (AGC) and below-ground carbon stock (BGC) for mangrove forests, aiming to provide a scientific basis for estimation of total mangrove carbon stocks. RESULTS: The average above-ground carbon stock in each region was sizeable (ranging from 12.0 to 150.2 Mg/ha), but average below-ground carbon stock was dominant (ranging from 46.6 to 388.6 Mg/ha), accounting for 69-91% of total carbon stock at the sites studied in China. Significant positive relationships were found between above-ground and below-ground mangrove carbon stocks, with the best fitting equation as BGC = 1.58 * AGC + 81.06 (Mg/ha, R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01, n = 122) for China. Such linear relationships vary for mangrove forests of different types and locations, from different geographical regions in China to other countries worldwide. CONCLUSION: The positive relationship we found between above- and below-ground carbon stocks of mangrove forests in China and worldwide can facilitate more accurate assessments of mangrove blue carbon stocks at regional or global scales using modern techniques including remote sensing.

Changes of ecosystem carbon stock following the plantation of exotic mangrove Sonneratia apetala in Qi'ao Island, China.

Carbon storage is one of the main objectives for mangrove afforestation. Planting of the exotic species Sonneratia apetala can rapidly increase the mangrove area and biomass. Here, we studied the change in vegetation and the soil carbon stocks along the chronosequence of S. apetala plantations in Qi'ao Island, China. Five sites, including rehabilitated S. apetala of different ages (1, 4, 9, and 15 years) and 40-year-old mature native Kandelia obovata forests were investigated. Vegetation biomass and the soil carbon content from 0 to 100 cm were analyzed. The ecosystem carbon density (vegetation and soil) was then calculated. A positive and linear relationship was observed between the vegetation carbon stocks and age of S. apetala. The 15-year-old S. apetala already had a similar biomass to 40-year-old K. obovata. However, its soil and ecosystem carbon densities remained lower than those of K. obovata. Different from K. obovata, the majority of the biomass of S. apetala was reserved within the stem. Mature K. obovata had a larger proportion of soil carbon stock to ecosystem carbon stock. S. apetala can accumulate biomass rapidly, but it had a lower ecosystem carbon stock than the native mature K. obovata.

A highly efficient antioxidant based on boron and a Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine: synthesis, crystal structure and thermal and antioxidant properties.

Antioxidants can effectively protect vegetable-oil-based lubricants against oxidative degradation and prolong their service life. A novel compound, (E)-4-({3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-[(diphenylboranyl)oxy]benzylidene}amino)-N-phenylaniline (BSPD) or {2-[(4-anilinophenyl)iminomethyl-κN]-4,6-di-tert-butylphenolato-κO}diphenylboron, C39H41BN2O, was synthesized by a one-pot reaction of the Schiff base bridged phenolic diphenylamine 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{N-[4-(phenylamino)phenyl]carboximidoyl}phenol (SPD) with phenylboronic acid. The corresponding single-crystal X-ray study revealed that the B atom in BSPD has a typical tetrahedral geometry, and the N,O-chelated six-membered ring adopts a chair conformation. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the 5% weight-loss temperature of BSPD increases to 328 °C and the 95% weight-loss temperature is up to 414 °C. More importantly, the antioxidant capability of BSPD in vegetable oil is much better than that of commercial antioxidants [diphenylamine (DPA) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT)] and unmodified SPD.

Individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide on the immune function and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

In this study, we explored the individual and combined effects of ammonia-N and sulfide stress (1 mg/L sulfide and 15 mg/L ammonia-N) on the oxidation resistance, immune response and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei during 72 h exposure. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT), the immune-relative gene (caspase-3, hsp70 and IMD) expression in hepatopancreas and intestine of L.vannamei and the intestinal microbiota were measured. The result showed that MDA and NO contents in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei in all treatment groups increased and remain were at high levels at the end of the stress exposure. The L. vannamei employ antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of T-AOC, SOD and CAT enzymes in hepatopancereas and intestine to reduce oxidant damage. More severe damages with combined ammonia-N and sulfide stress to antioxidant systems were observed. The gene expression results also demonstrated that antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei was severely impaired and the apoptosis cell was initiated under the ammonia-N and sulfide stress. In addition, the environmental stress also reshaped the intestinal microbial community structure of L. vannamei that a number of original genera decreased, such as Cellvibrio, Vibrio and Rheinheimera; some new genera increased or appeared, such as Photobacterium in all treatment groups, Arcobacter and Fusibacter in sulfide stress group. Therefore, the health of L. vannamei was severely impacted when exposed to the stress of ammonia nitrogen and sulfide and these two factors can have weak synergic effects.

Multifunctional lubricant additive based on difluoroboron derivatives of a diphenylamine antioxidant.

A metal-free and phosphorus-free novel multifunctional additive (E)-4-((3-(tert-butyl)-2-((difluoroboranyl)oxy)-5-((octylthio)methyl)benzylidene)amino)-N-phenylaniline (difluoroboron derivative 4a) was synthesized and characterized. The results show that its antioxidation and tribological properties are better than those of base oil, diphenylamine and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), and it can also increase the extreme pressure performance of the base oil. In addition, it can be found that the diphenylamine functional group, boron and fluorine are the main contributors to the excellent antioxidation and antiwear properties of difluoroboron derivative 4a, respectively. Finally, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the worn surfaces reveal that B2O3, Fe2O3, a N-containing organic compound and iron fluoride comprise the boundary films, which effectively improve the difluoroboron derivative 4a's antiwear properties.

Tolerance and bioaccumulation of combined copper, zinc, and cadmium in Sesuvium portulacastrum.

Sesuvium portulacastrum was treated with mixture of copper, zinc, and cadmium for 60 days, with the concentration of each metal ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L. The tolerance of plants and bioaccumulation of heavy metals were then investigated. The height of S. portulacastrum decreased significantly with increasing heavy metal concentrations from 1 to 20 mg/L. The biomass was adversely impacted when the concentration exceeded 5 mg/L. There were no significant differences in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration among different treatment groups, while the soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration. However, the BCF values of the three metals were all higher than 10 and the tolerance in root was up to 1000 mg/kg without causing significant growth inhibition, suggesting that S. portulacastrum should be a potential candidate for phytostabilization for the phytoremediation of polymetallic contaminations in coastal environments.

Operative treatment of terrible triad of the elbow with a modified Pugh standard protocol: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the surgical treatment of terrible triad injuries of the elbow using a modified standard surgical approach, and treatment determined by the mode and mechanism of injury, and intraoperative findings.The study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients presenting with terrible triad injuries of the elbow, who underwent surgical treatment between July 2009 and January 2014. All patients were treated surgically according to a modified Pugh standard protocol. Elbow functional status and range of movements were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years or more after surgery. Radiographic signs of post-traumatic arthritis were rated according to the Broberg and Morrey system.Our series included a final cohort of 29 males and 13 females with a mean age of 48.23 ±â€Š10.95 years at the time of injury. The mean follow-up period was 30.47 ±â€Š7.65 months. The mean flexion-extension arc was 107°â€Š±â€Š22°, and the average forearm rotation arc was 145°â€Š±â€Š14°. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 88 ±â€Š10 points (range 55 to 100 points), with excellent results in 24 elbows, good results in 16, and poor results in 2. Functional results of the elbow improved significantly from 3 months postoperatively (P < .05), but tended to plateau from 1 year after surgery. Thirteen patients had radiographic signs of arthrosis (9 grade 1, 4 grade 2). Postoperative complications were local infection around the incision (n = 1), transient postoperative median nerve paralysis (n = 1), and postoperative posterior interosseous nerve paralysis (n = 1). Four patients required further surgery. Five patients had evidence of heterotopic ossification.Overall, we show that slight modifications to Pugh standard protocol for the surgical treatment of terrible triad injuries can lead to good to excellent results, although there were a good number of complications. The ideal surgical approach and treatment should be based on the mode and mechanism of injury, and intraoperative findings, and modifying the standard surgical treatment approach for terrible triad elbow injuries may be beneficial.

Tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu in Sesuvium portulacastrum.

In order to investigate the tolerance and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum, seedlings were hydroponically cultured for 30 days using the modified 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution with different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20mgL-1) and Cu (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10mgL-1). Afterwards, the seedling height, leaf area, biomass, and mineral element contents (Fe, Mg, Cu, and Zn) in the roots, stems and leaves were measured, and the tolerance index, bioconcentration factor (BCF), transportation index, and removal rate were calculated. The effects of salinity (0‰-30‰) on the growth and bioaccumulation ability of S. portulacastrum under combined Cu/Cd (5mgL-1) exposure were also determined. The results showed that, with an increasing Cd concentration, the biomass and seedling height of S. portulacastrum initially increased and then decreased. The highest leaf biomass and seedlings height was observed in the 10mgL-1 and 5mgL-1 Cd treatment group, respectively. Salinity did not affect the biomass of S. portulacastrum but decreased Cd concentration in roots and aboveground tissues and Cu concentration in roots of S. portulacastrum. Cu treatment significantly facilitated the absorption of Mg, Cu, and Zn in roots. With an increasing Cu concentration, the Mg and Fe contents increased in the leaves of S. portulacastrum. In comparison to the above-ground portions, the root showed a higher bioaccumulation ability of Cd and Cu, with the BCF of 341.5 and 211.9, respectively. The BCF and translocation factor (TF) values indicated that S. portulacastrum was not a hyperaccumulator for Cd and Cu, but could be used as a phytostablization plant in heavy metal contaminated coastal environments.

Effects of short-term invasion of Spartina alterniflora and the subsequent restoration of native mangroves on the soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stock.

The exotic cordgrass Spartina alterniflora has severely invaded the mangrove wetlands in southern China and ecological restoration using native mangroves was conducted in an attempt to control this invasive species. In this study, the contents and pools of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were quantified to investigate the invasive effects of S. alterniflora and then to evaluate whether the ecological restoration of native mangrove could reverse those effects. S. alterniflora only showed significantly higher organic carbon content in the surface 0-10 cm of soil than in the uninvaded mudflat. The high δ13C values in the surface soil of the invaded habitat demonstrated that S. alterniflora contributed 42.6-62.2% of the organic carbon. The SOC for invasive S. alterniflora and newly restored mangroves (4 years and 14 years) was not enhanced in comparison to the unvegetated mudflat. S. alterniflora significantly increased the surface soil TN content, but decreased the available phosphorus content and TP density. The TN densities increased gradually with the mangrove restoration, while the TP densities were only slightly influenced. The results suggested that short-term invasion of S. alterniflora and subsequent mangrove restoration did not alter SOC or TN pool sizes, but S. alterniflora was shown to affect the potential carbon storage capacity produced by the mangroves in the Zhangjiang Estuary.

Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of a typical restored mangrove-aquaculture wetland in Shenzhen, China.

The restoration of wetlands has attracted the attention in different countries. Restored coastal wetlands, especially urban wetlands, are sensitive to external pressures. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the restoration of coastal wetlands, which benefits their management and functional maintenance. In this study, a restored mangrove-aquaculture system in Waterlands Resort at Shenzhen was selected for analysis. The distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments were investigated. The results showed that restoration could effectively decrease the heavy metal concentrations in the sediment, while the restored mangrove posed a moderate ecological risk. Most of the heavy metal concentrations were higher during the dry season compared with the wet season. In addition, during the whole investigation, the sediment quality remained failed to achieve the marine sediment criteria required for aquaculture in China.

Increased nitrogen input enhances Kandelia obovata seedling growth in the presence of invasive Spartina alterniflora in subtropical regions of China.

Mangroves in China are severely affected by the rapid invasion of the non-native species Spartina alterniflora Although many studies have addressed the possible impacts of S. alterniflora on the performance of mangrove seedlings, how excessive nitrogen (N) input due to eutrophication affects the interactions between mangrove species and S. alterniflora remains unknown. Here, we report the results from a mesocosm experiment using seedlings of the native mangrove species Kandelia obovata and the exotic S. alterniflora grown in monoculture and mixed culture under no nitrogen addition and nitrogen (N) addition treatments for 18 months. Without N addition, the presence of S. alterniflora inhibited the growth of K. obovata seedlings. Excessive N addition significantly increased the growth rate of K. obovata in both cultures. However, the positive and significantly increasing relative interaction intensity index under excessive N input suggested that the invasion of S. alterniflora could favour the growth of K. obovata under eutrophication conditions. Our results imply that excessive N input in southeastern China can increase the competitive ability of mangrove seedlings against invasive S. alterniflora.

[Clinical outcome analysis on using extensor digitorum communis splitting approach for the treatment of radial head fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical outcomes of internal fixation or replacement for the treatment of radial head fractures through the extensor digitorum communis splitting approach. METHODS: From July 2012 to May 2015, 25 patients with radial head fractures were reviewed. There were 17 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 20 to 67 years old, with a mean age of 39 years old. Twenty-one patients were treated with reconstruction of plate internal fixation, and 4 patients were treated with radial head replacement. According to Mason classification, 19 cases were type II and 6 cases were type III. All the patients underwent internal fixation or replacement through the extensor digitorum communis splitting approach. The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically until the beginning of fracture union and the entrance of function recovery of elbow motion into a plateau. The functional status of the elbow was evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Index(MEPI). Radiographic signs of post-traumatic arthritis were rated according to the Broberg and Morrey system. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up, and the average duration was 29 months (ranged, 12 to 56 months). The average range of flexion and extension was 120°, the extension was limited by 10°, and the flexion was 135°. The average forearm rotation range was 142°, pronation was 75°, supination was 67°. The mean MEPI was 93±7(ranged, 80 to 100 scores); according to the MEPI scoring criceria, 19 patients got an excellent functional result, 6 good. According to the Broberg and Morrey systems of traumatic arthritis, 19 patients were in grade 0, 6 in grade 1, and no patients in grade 2 or 3. No patients with nonunion of the radial head and failure of internal fixation were found. There were no complications of nerve or vascular injuries, and obvious limitation of elbow rotation. Heterotopic ossification around the elbow occurred in 4 cases, but the motion was not significantly limited. There were no complications such as prosthesis loosening and infection in 4 cases after radial head prosthesis replacement. CONCLUSIONS: The extensor digitorum communis splitting approach is an effective exposure method for internal fixation or replacement in the treatment of radial head fractures.

Co-Regulations of Spartina alterniflora Invasion and Exogenous Nitrogen Loading on Soil N2O Efflux in Subtropical Mangrove Mesocosms.

Both plant invasion and nitrogen (N) enrichment should have significant impact on mangrove ecosystems in coastal regions around the world. However, how N2O efflux in mangrove wetlands responds to these environmental changes has not been well studied. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with native mangrove species Kandelia obovata, invasive salt marsh species Spartina alterniflora, and their mixture in a simulated tide rotation system with or without nitrogen addition. In the treatments without N addition, the N2O effluxes were relatively low and there were no significant variations among the three vegetation types. A pulse loading of exogenous ammonium nitrogen increased N2O effluxes from soils but the stimulatory effect gradually diminished over time, suggesting that frequent measurements are necessary to accurately understand the behavior of N-induced response of N2O emissions. With the N addition, the N2O effluxes from the invasive S. alterniflora were lower than that from native K. obovata mesocosms. This result may be attributed to higher growth of S. alterniflora consuming most of the available nitrogen in soils, and thus inhibiting N2O production. We concluded that N loading significantly increased N2O effluxes, while the invasion of S. alterniflora reduced N2O effluxes response to N loading in this simulated mangrove ecosystem. Thus, both plant invasion and excessive N loading can co-regulate soil N2O emissions from mangrove wetlands, which should be considered when projecting future N2O effluxes from this type of coastal wetland.

[Short-term effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the short-term effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for post-traumatic osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular fracture. METHODS: Between January 2004 and March 2012, the clinical data was analyzed retrospectively from 12 cases (13 hips) of post-traumatic osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular fracture undergoing THA. Of 12 patients, 6 were male and 6 were female, with an average age of 55.6 years (range, 40-68 years). The locations were the left hip in 5 cases, the right hip in 6 cases, and bilateral hips in 1 case. The interval between acetabular fracture and THA was 65.7 months on average (range, 12-240 months). The preoperative hip Harris score was 48.8 +/- 9.5. RESULTS: The incisions healed by first intention. No deep vein thrombosis and infection occurred postoperatively. Ten cases were followed up 1-7 years (mean, 4.8 years). The hip Harris score was 86.5 +/- 8.6 at last follow-up, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (t = 10.520, P = 0.006). X-ray films showed no acetabular prosthesis instability. Stem subsidence (2 mm) occurred in 1 case, peri-prosthetic osteolysis in 2 cases, and heterotopic ossification in 2 cases (Brooker type I and type II in 1 case, respectively). CONCLUSION: THA has satisfactory short-term effectiveness for post-traumatic osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular fracture. The good effectiveness is based on strict case selection, pathological evaluation, and the proper acetabular reconstruction.

[Evaluation of early clinical results of two stage hip replacement after failed internal fixation for femoral neck fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early clinical results of two stage hip replacement after failed internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in young patients. METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2010,24 patients with femoral head necrosis caused by failed internal fixation were treated with hip arthroplasty. Among them, 12 patients were male and 12 patients were female, with an average age of 42.9 years old (ranged, 18 to 58). According to Harris score and X-ray examination, the clinical result was evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-three cases were followed up with an average age of 34.4 months (ranged, 25 to 48). After operation, 1 case complicated with the dislocation of hip joint. No deep infection of hip joint, prosthetic loosing or peripheral fracture was found. The mean Harris score was 90.9 +/- 4.3, and 18 obtained excellent results, 4 good and 1 fair. CONCLUSION: Although treatment of femoral head necrosis with two stage hip replacement after failed internal fixation is difficult during operation, its early result is satisfactory.

Clinical application of combined fixation in the cervical spine using posterior transfacet screws and pedicle screws.

The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical application of combined fixation in the cervical spine using posterior transfacet and pedicle screws. Ten patients with cervical disorders requiring stabilization were treated from May 2006 to December 2008. The operative details varied depending on indication, the need for decompression, and the number of levels to be included in the spinal construct. Radiographic analysis of the fusion was performed after surgery. A total of 23 transfacet screws were inserted at or caudal to the C4/5 facet. A total of 21 pedicle screws were placed. All patients underwent operative treatment without neurovascular complications. Fusion was achieved in all patients. When performed appropriately, the method of using posterior transfacet screws in the caudal cervical joints combined with pedicle screw fixation in the cephalic cervical spine is reliable and deserves more widespread use.