[Sugar characterization of mini-watermelon and rapid sugar determination by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy].

In the present paper, the distribution of sugar level within the mini-watermelon was studied, a new sugar characterization method of mini-watermelon using average sugar level, the highest sugar level and the lowest sugar level index is proposed. Feasibility of nondestructive determination of mini-watermenlon sugar level using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy information was investigated by an experiment. PLS models for measuring the 3 sugar levels were established. The results obtained by near infrared spectroscopy agreed with that of the new method established above.

[High glucose lowers insulin receptor substrate 2 expression and induces apoptosis in mouse islet cells in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) and Bax on mouse islet cell apoptosis in the presence of high glucose in vitro. METHODS: The pancreatic islet cells were isolated from Kunming mice and divided into 6 groups (G1-G6 groups) for a 72-h culture in the media containing different concentrations of glucose (5.6, 7.8, 11.1, 16.7, 22.2, and 27.6 mmol/L, respectively). Insulin secretion by the cells was evaluated by radioimmunoassay, and the expressions of IRS2 and Bax were detected using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Hoechst33342 staining was employed to observe the cell apoptosis. RESULTS: Exposure to 5.6-11.1 mmol/L glucose resulted in increased insulin secretion and progressive elevation of IRS2 and Bax expression, whereas the cell apoptosis underwent no obvious changes. In the presence of glucose above 16.7 mmol/L, the percentages of apoptotic islet cells increased with glucose concentration, but insulin secretion and IRS2 expression decreased; Bax expression significantly increased in the presence of high-concentration glucose. CONCLUSION: Prolonged exposure of mouse islet cells to high glucose induces apoptosis and impairs insulin secretion of the cells. Decreased IRS2 expression and increased Bax expression may play an important role in the glucotoxicity in mouse islet cells.