RESUMO
Respiratory pathogens infecting the human respiratory system are characterized by their diversity, high infectivity, rapid transmission, and acute onset. Traditional detection methods are time-consuming, have low sensitivity, and lack specificity, failing to meet the needs of rapid clinical diagnosis. Nucleic acid aptamers, as an emerging and innovative detection technology, offer novel solutions with high specificity, affinity, and broad target applicability, making them particularly promising for respiratory pathogen detection. This review highlights the progress in the research and application of nucleic acid aptamers for detecting respiratory pathogens, discussing their selection, application, potential in clinical diagnosis, and future development. Notably, these aptamers can significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of detection when combined with detection techniques such as fluorescence, colorimetry and electrochemistry. This review offers new insights into how aptamers can address the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and advance clinical diagnostics. It also highlights key challenges and future research directions for the clinical application of nucleic acid aptamers.
Assuntos
Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Infecções Respiratórias , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Humanos , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus/genética , Vírus/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Técnica de Seleção de Aptâmeros/métodos , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/virologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodosRESUMO
The perioperative period encompasses all phases of patient care from the decision to perform surgery until full recovery. Ferroptosis, a newly identified type of regulated cell death, influences a wide array of diseases, including those affecting the prognosis and regression of surgical patients, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and perioperative cognitive dysfunction. This review systematically examines perioperative factors impacting ferroptosis such as surgical trauma-induced stress, tissue hypoxia, anesthetics, hypothermia, and blood transfusion. By analyzing their intrinsic relationships, we aim to improve intraoperative management, enhance perioperative safety, prevent complications, and support high-quality postoperative recovery, ultimately improving patient outcomes.