A rapid automatic processing platform for bead label-assisted microarray analysis: application for genetic hearing-loss mutation detection.

Molecular diagnostics using microarrays are increasingly being used in clinical diagnosis because of their high throughput, sensitivity, and accuracy. However, standard microarray processing takes several hours and involves manual steps during hybridization, slide clean up, and imaging. Here we describe the development of an integrated platform that automates these individual steps as well as significantly shortens the processing time and improves reproducibility. The platform integrates such key elements as a microfluidic chip, flow control system, temperature control system, imaging system, and automated analysis of clinical results. Bead labeling of microarray signals required a simple imaging system and allowed continuous monitoring of the microarray processing. To demonstrate utility, the automated platform was used to genotype hereditary hearing-loss gene mutations. Compared with conventional microarray processing procedures, the platform increases the efficiency and reproducibility of hybridization, speeding microarray processing through to result analysis. The platform also continuously monitors the microarray signals, which can be used to facilitate optimization of microarray processing conditions. In addition, the modular design of the platform lends itself to development of simultaneous processing of multiple microfluidic chips. We believe the novel features of the platform will benefit its use in clinical settings in which fast, low-complexity molecular genetic testing is required.

Effect of fabrication errors on superresolution property of a pupil filter.

Three analytical models have been established for superresolution parameters G(Ae), G(Te), and S(e) related to transmission function A(rho), phase function of phi(rho), and the structural parameters with fabrication errors of an N-zone circular-symmetrical superresolution pupil filter. These new models established, directly relate the superresolution parameters of an N-zone super-resolution pupil filter to its fabrication errors to make the quantitative analyses of the effect of fabrication errors easier, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the analysis, design, and fabrication of an N-zone super-resolution pupil filter. The models established for G(Ae), G(Te), and S(e) have been used to analyze the effect of the fabrication errors of a three-zone phase-only pupil filter on its superresolution property, to verify their validities.