Diversity of rice rhizosphere microorganisms under different fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer.

The application of slow-release fertilizer is an effective way to satisfy the demand for nutrients of crops. The objective of present study was to investigate the microbial community characteristics in rice rhizosphere soil under different fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer. Three fertilization modes of slow-release fertilizer, i.e., (CK) manually broadcasted on the soil surface at 300 kg·ha-1 before transplanting and then same fertilizer rate was applied at the same way one week after transplanting; (SF) 10 cm depth mechanized placement at 600 kg·ha-1 during the transplanting; (DSF) 10 cm depth mechanized placement at 480 kg·ha-1 during the transplanting, were adopt in the field experiment. The results showed that SF and DSF treatments promoted richness (ACE and Chao1 values) and diversity (Shannon value) of rice rhizosphere microorganisms compared with CK treatment. Compared with CK, SF treatment increased relative abundances of Planctomycetes and decreased relative abundance of Nitrospirae, DSF treatments increased relative abundances of Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, higher relative abundances of Paenibacillus and Sphingomonas were recorded in DSF treatment than CK. In addition, the partial factor productivity (PFP) deep placement of slow-release fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. DSF treatment increased the yield by 16.61% compared with CK treatment while reducing fertilizer input by 20%. In conclusion, compared with broadcasting, deep placement of slow-release fertilizer could improve the structure, distribution, and diversity of the microbial community in rice rhizosphere soil, and increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, and increase rice yield.

Thymosin α1 plus routine treatment inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve the quality of life in AECOPD patients.

CONTEXT: Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is considered to be a promising immunomodulatory drug and could balance immunity and tolerance in immune tolerance and autoimmunity. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of Tα1 plus routine complex treatment in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). METHODS: Eighty-four AECOPD patients were enrolled and randomized into an experimental group and a control group. All patients received the routine treatment. Additionally, the experimental group received subcutaneous injections of Tα1 while the control group received placebo. Four weeks later, the curative effect of treatment and immune function of both groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2), PaCO2, and pulmonary function of the experimental group improved after treatment compared to that recorded prior to treatment and that observed for the control group (p < 0.01, both). The CD4(+) T cell count, serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels, and the ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) and IFN-γ/interleukin (IL)-4 increased in both groups (p < 0.01), while the CD8(+) T cell count and levels of IL-4, IL-8, and leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) decreased as expected (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the above-mentioned indices of the experimental group improved significantly compared to the indices of the control group (p < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Tα1 plus routine treatment could improve the immune function of AECOPD patients and inhibit the inflammatory reaction, thus reducing the recurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Comparison of pemetrexed and docetaxel as salvage chemotherapy for the treatment for nonsmall-cell lung cancer after the failure of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of pemetrexed and docetaxel as salvage chemotherapy in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after the failure of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). METHODS: In this randomized Phase 2 trial, patients with NSCLC who had previously failed EGFR-TKI therapy were randomized to receive intravenous pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2) for 21 days [one cycle]) or docetaxel (75 mg/m(2) for 21 days [one cycle]). Therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours standards and adverse effects were evaluated according to the US National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in disease control rate, response rate, median survival and 1-year survival between treatment groups. Rates of nausea, myelosuppression, renal damage and hair loss were significantly higher in the docetaxel group than the pemetrexed group. CONCLUSION: Pemetrexed is effective and well tolerated as salvage chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC after EGFR-TKI failure and may be a suitable therapeutic option in these patients.