"We don't wanna birth it here": A qualitative study of Southern jail personnel approaches to pregnancy.

Each year, approximately 55,000 pregnant people are incarcerated in US jails. To learn about pregnancy and postpartum care in jails, we analyzed 34 qualitative interviews with jail personnel from facilities in five Southeastern US states. Themes included jail processes unique to pregnancy and burden on jails produced by liability and limited resources. Societal attitudes such as stigma, distrust of pregnant people, and a focus on fetal well-being were also important themes. Jail-community partnerships may mitigate the effects of scarce resources and improve jail perinatal care. Better community safety nets that decrease contact with jails are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Feasibility, Acceptability and Appropriateness of MedViewer: A Novel Hair-Based Antiretroviral Real-Time Clinical Monitoring Tool Providing Adherence Feedback to Patients and Their Providers.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is key to achieving viral load suppression and ending the HIV epidemic but monitoring and supporting adherence using current interventions is challenging. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness of MedViewer (MV), a novel intervention that provides real-time adherence feedback for patients and providers using infra-red matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) for mass spectrometry imaging of daily ART concentrations in patients' hair. We used mixed methods to feasibility test MV at a busy Infectious Diseases (ID) clinic, enrolling 16 providers and 36 patients. Providers underwent standardized training; patients and providers watched an 8-min informational video about MV. We collected patient and provider data at baseline and within 24 h of clinic visits and, with patients, approximately 1 month after clinic visits. MedViewer was feasible, liked by patients and providers, and perceived to help facilitate adherence conversations and motivate patients to improve adherence. Trial Registration: NCT04232540.

Establishing Novel Antiretroviral Imaging for Hair to Elucidate Nonadherence: Protocol for a Single-Arm Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is critical for achieving HIV RNA suppression in people living with HIV and for preventing HIV infection in uninfected individuals using preexposure prophylaxis. However, a high level of adherence can be challenging to achieve for people living with HIV on lifelong ARVs and for HIV-negative individuals using daily preexposure prophylaxis who are not at daily risk for HIV infection. Current biological measures of adherence are invasive and use bioanalytical methods that do not allow for real-time feedback during a clinic visit. This study was designed to test the feasibility and acceptability of using MedViewer, a novel, minimally invasive, hair-based assay that measures longitudinal ARV drug adherence in real time and provides an output for provider-patient discussion. OBJECTIVE: The primary objectives were to investigate the feasibility of delivering the MedViewer results as planned, the acceptability of participation in a discussion of the MedViewer results, and the appropriateness of using MedViewer for adherence counseling. The secondary objectives were to investigate additional dimensions of feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of using the MedViewer test during a routine clinic visit for people with HIV. METHODS: The proposed study was a single-arm cross-sectional study among patients receiving HIV care and providers of HIV care in a southeastern infectious disease clinic. The study originally planned to implement the MedViewer test with 50 eligible patients who were living with HIV across 2 viral load strata (undetectable or detectable plasma HIV RNA over the previous 2 years), administer brief visit-specific questionnaires to all patient and provider participants, and conduct qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative end-line questionnaires with a subsample of patient participants (n=30) and all provider participants. RESULTS: The Establishing Novel Antiretroviral Imaging for Hair to Elucidate Nonadherence study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and approved by the local institutional review board on November 4, 2019. Provider participant enrollment began on January 17, 2020, and patient participant enrollment began on January 22, 2020. Participant enrollment was halted on March 16, 2020, because of the COVID-19 pandemic (16 providers and 10 patients on study). Study activities resumed on February 2, 2021, with COVID-19 modifications approved by the local institutional review board. Participant enrollment closed on October 8, 2021, and data collection closed on November 15, 2021. In total, 36 unique patient participants, representing 37 samples, and 20 provider participants were enrolled. Data analysis and manuscript writing will take place throughout 2023. CONCLUSIONS: We anticipate that the data collected through this study will provide important insights regarding the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of incorporating new real-time longitudinal, minimally invasive adherence tests into routine clinical care and identify potential barriers to medication adherence among patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04232540; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04232540. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/41188.

PrEP and HIV prevention decision-making among social network members of women who have experienced incarceration: a qualitative study.

ABSTRACTIncarceration and HIV are a syndemic for US women, yet very few women who have experienced incarceration use pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 32 participants recruited by women who have experienced incarceration from their social networks, informed by the modified social ecological model for PrEP. Emergent themes from the interviews included individual-level (low personal HIV risk assessment, personal responsibility for HIV prevention, and decisions in addiction versus recovery), network-level (influential sex partners and the importance of trust, supportive treatment peers, and high-risk but indifferent drug use networks), community-level (stigma, and mitigation of stigma in supportive substance use disorder treatment environments), and public policy-level (incarceration and PrEP cost and access) determinants. PrEP interventions for women who have experienced incarceration and their networks will need to incorporate contingency planning into HIV risk assessment, navigate complex network dynamics, and be situated in trusted contexts to address structural barriers.

The influence of social relationships on PrEP attitudes among women with incarceration experience in the Southeastern USA.

Women who have experienced incarceration face a disproportionately high risk of acquiring HIV. Despite efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV, very few women with incarceration histories are using PrEP. Our objective was to learn how sexual, drug-use and social relationships shape decisions about PrEP among women who have experienced incarceration. We used an inductive approach to analyse data from four focus groups undertaken with women who had previously experienced incarceration recruited from three community-based organisations. We identified public policy (medical distrust, lack of prevention in prisons and jails, and cost and coverage of PrEP); community (incarceration stigma, gossip as prevention); social and sexual network (positive peer and parenting relationships, distrust of sexual partners, and networks as a source of risk); and individual-level (active addiction or recovery, change after incarceration, and medical concerns) factors influencing the use of PrEP. Actions and interventions to improve PrEP uptake among women who have experienced incarceration must take account of the multilevel context of HIV prevention decisions.

Estudio del perfil lipídico en población panameña de sexo femenino / Lipid profile in female panamanian population

Se hace el estudio del perfil lipídico en una población de 146 mujeres, entre las edades de 15 a 44 años, y se compara con el perfil que habíamos encontrado en una población masculina de la misma edad. La población fue distribuida en tres grupos, de acuerdo con la edad y con la ocupación. Se establecieron los valores de mayor frecuencia en cada uno de los parámetros estudiados en la población y se compararon los perfiles lipídicos dentro de cada grupo. El 37.67% de la población total presentó valores de HDL inferiores a 45 mgdl-1, lo que indicaba que esa población joven estaba propensa al riesgo aterogénico y que ese índice aumentaba con la edad. Solamente el 17.12% presentó valores de la fracción HDL-C superiores a 65 mgdl-1, indicativo de protección aterogénica. Estos hallazgos se reflejan en el alto porcentaje encontrado (26.7%) y en la frecuencia de índice LDL/HDL superior a 2.5, indicativo de riesgo aterogénico

Evaluación de los metabolismos lipídico y lipoproteico en diabéticos panameños / Evaluation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in diabetic patients from Vanamo

Se estudió el perfil lipoproteico y la relación entre el nivel de triglicéridos y el nível del colesterol de la proteína de alta densidad así como también la relación entre el colesterol de la lipoproteína de alta y de baja densidad. El primer índice resultó ser más significativo que la relación LDL-C/DHL-C. Altos valores fueron observados en mujeres que sufrían de Diabetes tipos I y II y en varones con Diabetes de tipo II. El valor de la VLDL-C fue alto (p < 0.001) en estos pacientes. Se recomienda practicar el perfil lipoproteico en los pacientes diabéticos para su mejor control metabólico

Estudio comparativo del perfil lipídico en la población Panameña de sexo masculino / Comparative study of lipidic profile in male Panamean population

Se hizo el estudio comparativo del perfil lipídico de una población integrada por 184 hombres, entre 15 y 44 años de edad, formada por obreros, por estudiantes universitarios y por profesionales. Se demostró que tenían valores normales de colesterol total (CT) y triglicéridos (TG), de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL). El estudio de las HDL reveló que el 44% de la población tenía valores inferiores a 35 mgdl-1; y que solamente el 7% tenía valores superiores a 55 mgdl-1. Al evaluar el índice aterogénico (LDL/HDL) se demostró que el 40% de la población examinada tenía un índice superior a 2.5