Adaptación transcultural al castellano del Nursing Activities Score / Transcultural adaptation into Spanish of the Nursing Activities Score

Introducción La valoración de las cargas de enfermería es práctica habitual en el trabajo diario de los cuidados enfermeros, y normalmente se hace utilizando escalas ajenas al medio hispanoparlante, sin tener en cuenta las características de los distintos entornos que difieren de un país a otro. Entre los instrumentos utilizados para la valoración de las cargas de trabajo en enfermería en unidades de cuidados intensivos, Nursing Activities Score (NAS) ha sido descrito como un instrumento útil para medir dichas cargas en estas unidades. Objetivo Adaptar al castellano el NAS para su uso en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Material y métodos Adaptación por el método de traducción-retraducción del NAS mediante traductores de idioma materno inglés y bilingüe (castellano), y traductores con el castellano como idioma materno y alto nivel de inglés, trabajando los traductores por separado. Se obtuvo una versión única en castellano con la que se realizó una prueba piloto en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Grandes Quemados del Hospital Universitario de Getafe (Madrid, España) con 30 pacientes y 30 enfermeros durante su turno habitual de trabajo. Se consultó, también, con el autor principal del NAS los ítems que supusieron algún tipo de conflicto. Resultados Entre la escala original y la resultante de las retrotraducciones en inglés se obtuvo una buena correspondencia en el 73% de los ítems y una correspondencia apropiada en el restante 27%; ningún ítem fue considerado con correspondencia mala. Conclusión Se ha obtenido una versión adaptada en castellano del NAS (AU)

Introduction Assessment of nursing workload is a common practice in the daily work of nursing care. This is usually done using scales that were not designed for Spanish-speaking countries, which may not take into account the characteristics of the environments that differ from one country to another. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) has been described as being a useful tool for measuring nursing workload among the instruments used for this measurement in intensive care units. Objective It was aimed to adapt the NAS into Spanish for its use in Spanish intensive care units. Material and methods The NAS was adapted using translation-back translation method with the participation of both native English speakers who were bilingual in Spanish, and Spanish translators with a high level of English. All of the translators worked individually. A single Spanish version of the scale was obtained, after which a pilot test was made in an Intensive Care Major Burns Unit of the University Hospital of Getafe (Madrid, Spain) with 30 patients and 30 nurses during their regular work shift. We also consulted the primary author of the original description of the NAS regarding items that caused some kind of conflict. Results Between the original scale and the result of the back-translations to English, we obtained agreement ratings of good in 73%, and appropriate in the remaining 27%. No item was considered to have bad correspondence. Conclusion We have developed a Spanish translation of the NAS that appears well matched to the original English version (AU)

[Transcultural adaptation into Spanish of the nursing activities score]. / Adaptación transcultural al castellano del nursing activities score.

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of nursing workload is a common practice in the daily work of nursing care. This is usually done using scales that were not designed for Spanish-speaking countries, which may not take into account the characteristics of the environments that differ from one country to another. The Nursing Activities Score (NAS) has been described as being a useful tool for measuring nursing workload among the instruments used for this measurement in intensive care units. OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to adapt the NAS into Spanish for its use in Spanish intensive care units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The NAS was adapted using translation-back translation method with the participation of both native English speakers who were bilingual in Spanish, and Spanish translators with a high level of English. All of the translators worked individually. A single Spanish version of the scale was obtained, after which a pilot test was made in an Intensive Care Major Burns Unit of the University Hospital of Getafe (Madrid, Spain) with 30 patients and 30 nurses during their regular work shift. We also consulted the primary author of the original description of the NAS regarding items that caused some kind of conflict. RESULTS: Between the original scale and the result of the back-translations to English, we obtained agreement ratings of good in 73%, and appropriate in the remaining 27%. No item was considered to have bad correspondence. CONCLUSION: We have developed a Spanish translation of the NAS that appears well matched to the original English version.

Influence of body mass index on outcome of the mechanically ventilated patients.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the impact of body mass index on outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a cohort including 4698 patients mechanically ventilated. Patients were screened daily for management of mechanical ventilation, complications (acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, ventilator associated pneumonia, barotrauma), organ failure (cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, haematological) and mortality in the intensive care unit. To estimate the impact of body mass index on acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality, the authors constructed models using generalised estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: Patients were evaluated based on their body mass index: 184 patients (3.7%) were underweight, 1995 patients (40%) normal weight, 1781 patients (35.8%) overweight, 792 patients (15.9%) obese and 216 patients (4.3%) severely obese. Severely obese patients were more likely to receive low tidal volume based on actual body weight but high volumes based on predicted body weight. In obese patients, the authors observed a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute renal failure. After adjustment, the body mass index was significantly associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome: compared with normal weight; OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.69) for obese and OR 2.38 (95% CI 1.15 to 4.89) for severely obese. There were no differences in outcomes (duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay and mortality in intensive care unit and hospital) based on body mass index categories. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, obese patients were more likely to have significant complications but there were no associations with increased mortality.

Ventilación de alta frecuencia frente a ventilación convencional para el tratamiento de la lesión pulmonar aguda y el síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo / High frequency versus conventional for treatment of acute pulmonary injury and respiratory distress syndrome

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The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with acute lung injury.

The use of HFOV in adults is still in its infancy. There is, however, much promise to support further study of this ventilatory modality. Rescue case series have shown that HFOV is effective in improving gas exchange and appears safe in this group of extremely ill patients. In addition, as evidence continues to mount regarding the importance of VILI and its mechanisms, HFOV provides a theoretically attractive alternative to conventional lung-protective ventilatory modes. When HFOV is used in adults, it should be in conjunction with an effort to recruit atelectatic lung units by employing higher mean airway pressures and weaning FIO2 before P(AW). HFOV could be used as one of a number of new therapies for the patient failing to oxygenate on CMV. Its routine use to prevent VILI cannot be recommended at this time, as no data are available. Further clinical studies potentially leading to a large randomized controlled trial of HFOV versus best conventional therapy appear worth pursuing.

Long-term follow-up of survivors of acute lung injury: lack of effect of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma on long-term outcome in survivors of acute lung injury. DESIGN: Prospective blinded cohort analysis. SETTING: Three university-affiliated medical-surgical intensive care units. PATIENTS: A total of 28 survivors of acute lung injury, 1-2 yrs after diagnosis, from a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial comparing pressure (peak inflation pressure < or =30 cm H2O) and volume (tidal volume < or =8 mL/kg) limited ventilation to a conventional (peak inflation pressure < or =50 cm H2O, tidal volume 10-15 mL/kg) ventilation strategy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Physicians blinded as to treatment group evaluated 20 of 28 survivors (treatment group, 7; control group, 13). Exercise tolerance in the 6-minute walk test was comparable to patients with chronic respiratory disease and equivalent between groups (treatment group, 373+/-171 m vs. control group, 375+/-129 m; p = .84). Pulmonary function testing showed reduced diffusing capacity (treatment group, 64+/-29% predicted vs. control group, 74+/-14% predicted; p = .68) and normal volumes, flows, and blood gases. Two domains of disease-specific Health Related Quality of Life assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire were worse for patients in the treatment group compared with the control group (Emotional Function 3.8+/-1.4 vs. 5.1+/-0.08; p = .05, Mastery 4.7+/-1.7 vs. 6.2+/-0.8; p = .03). There were no between-group differences in the scores of the Spitzer Quality of Life Index (a generic Health Related Quality of Life instrument), although they were reduced (7.5+/-1.9) and comparable to patients with chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS: We found that 1-2 yrs after the onset of their illness, survivors of acute lung injury have reductions in quality of life and exercise tolerance which are similar to patients with chronic diseases. We were unable to show that a limited ventilation strategy improves either long-term pulmonary function or quality of life in survivors of acute lung injury.