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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38697886

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Past reports have suggested that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be a risk factor for Lewy body disease (LBD). To confirm this relationship, we conducted the present study. DESIGN: A prospective observational cohort study with a follow-up to 15 years. SETTING: The subjects were recruited from cognitive neurology clinics, where they attended for a cognitive complaint or health check-up. PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of subjects: ADHD adults and healthy subjects. MEASUREMENTS: The risk of dementia and LBD was estimated with Kaplan-Meier analysis comparing for the presence or absence of ADHD with the log-rank test. Predictors of conversion were assessed through separate univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, adjusting for several variables. RESULTS: The baseline sample consisted of 161 subjects with ADHD and 109 without ADHD. At the end of the follow-up, 31 subjects developed dementia, 27 cases in the ADHD group and 4 in comparison group. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was the most frequent type (N:20) of which 19 corresponded to the ADHD group. The incidence of non-amnestic-MCI in the ADHD group was higher representing 67.1 % of these subjects (N:108), and 17.4% (N:19) of healthy cases. The hazard ratios for dementia and LBD in the multivariate adjusted model were 3.33 (95% CI 1.0915 to 10.1699) and 54.54 (95% CI 7.4849 to 397.5028), respectively in the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that adult ADHD is independently associated with an increased risk of LBD, dementia, and na-MCI. Future studies should clarify this relationship to develop preventive measures for these patients.

2.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 87(2): 92-97, dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1555463

RESUMO

Existe un aumento progresivo de los problemas del neuropsicodesarrollo. Las intervenciones psicoeducativas y sociales oportunas con soporte en evidencias mejoran la evolución a lo largo de la vida de los niños. Los Centros Educativos en Primera Infancia tienen el potencial de identificar precozmente a niños con riesgos de alteraciones en el neuropsicodesarrollo. El Centro de Formación y Estudios del Instituto del Niño y Adolescente del Uruguay convoca a la Unidad Académica de Psiquiatría Pediátrica para la formación y actualización en esta problemática. El objetivo del trabajo es implementar un Programa de Capacitación en desarrollo normal, sus variaciones y desafíos; oportunidades de estimulación, identificación precoz de alteraciones e intervenciones en Centros Educativos en Primera Infancia; simultáneamente capacitar en habilidades de comunicación y trabajo interdisciplinario a posgrados de psiquiatría pediátrica y otras disciplinas de salud mental. Está dirigido a trabajadores del Instituto del Niño y Adolescente del Uruguay que trabajan con niños de 0 a 3 años. La implementación se realiza a través de tres modalidades articuladas, escalando progresivamente en contenidos: 1) Conferencias abiertas. 2) Curso introductorio a través de talleres virtuales sincrónicos. 3) Instancias docentes de profundización con equipos de Centros Educativos en Primera Infancia. Resultados: 2800 inscriptos. Se realizaron dos conferencias (4500 participantes en total), ocho cursos introductorios y se está implementando la modalidad 3 para el año 2024. Las encuestas de satisfacción han sido entre muy buenas-excelente. Se concluye que la implementación de este Programa de Capacitación permite la difusión de conocimientos y el intercambio interdisciplinario, por lo que es necesario continuar la cooperación entre Unidades Académicas, explorar otras modalidades pedagógicas y estudiar el impacto de la capacitación.


A progressive increase in neuro-psycho- developmental problems has taken place; timely evidence-based psycho-educational and social interventions improve children's lifelong development. Early Childhood Educational Centers have the potential for early identification of children at risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. The Training and Studies Center of the Institute of Childhood and Adolescence of Uruguay convenes the Academic Unit of Pediatric Psychiatry for training and updating on this issue. The objective is to implement a Training Program on normal development, its variations and challenges; stimulation opportunities, early identification of changes and interventions in Early Childhood Educational Centers, while training pediatric psychiatry postgraduates and other mental health disciplines in communication skills and interdisciplinary work. Methodology: Aimed at workers of the Institute of Childhood and Adolescence of Uruguay, working with children from 0 to 3 years old. Three articulated modalities, progressively increasing in content: 1) Open lectures. 2) Introductory course: synchronous virtual workshops. 3) Teaching instances with teams from Early Childhood Educational Centers. Results: 2800 participants. Two conferences (4500 participants) and eight introductory courses were held. Modality 3 is being organized for 2024. Satisfaction surveys show very good to excellent results. It is concluded that the implementation of this training Program makes knowledge dissemination and interdisciplinary exchange possible, so it is necessary to continue cooperation between academic units, explore other pedagogical modalities and study training impact.


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Capacitação Profissional , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Serviços de Proteção Infantil/educação
3.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 85(1): 12-27, oct. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1343120

RESUMO

La pandemia de covid-19 y las medidas asociadas determinaron cambios profundos en los individuos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y sus familias. Se busca explorar estos efectos a nivel de las emociones y comportamientos en esta población en Uruguay. Dentro de un estudio multicéntrico de ocho países de Latinoamérica, se utilizó la submuestra de Uruguay para analizar los cambios de los comportamientos exhibidos por los individuos con TEA sobre la base de género y edad. Entre los 269 cuidadores que completaron una encuesta anónima, el 43,9 % reportó mayores problemas de convivencia y el 75,4 % reportó retrocesos. El empeoramiento de los comportamientos externalizados fue mayor en el sexo masculino y de los internalizados, en los adolescentes de 13 a 18 años. Estos resultados deberían considerarse a la hora de tomar medidas que comprometen la continuidad educativa, apoyos terapéuticos y de asistencia a las familias con personas con TEA en Uruguay.


COVID-19 pandemic and its associated measures, determined pro-found changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Authors explore consequences regarding emotions and behaviors in this population in Uruguay. Within a multicentric study of eight Latin American countries, changes in behaviors in individuals with ASD based on gender and age were analyzed in the Uruguayan sub-sample. Among the 269 caregivers who completed an anonymous survey, 43.9% reported greater problems in daily life and 75.4% reported setbacks. The worsening of externalizing behaviors was greater in males. The internalizing ones were higher in adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. These results should be considered when taking measures that compromise educational continuity, therapeutic supports and assistance to families with people with ASD in Uruguay.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Agressão/psicologia , Pandemias , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , COVID-19/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Uruguai/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos
4.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 75(5): 272-276, 2017 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28591385

RESUMO

METHODS: This was a case-control study conducted from December 1, 2012 to December 1, 2014. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A neuropsychological test battery adapted to ALS patients was used. An MRI with DTI was performed in all patients and fractional anisotropy (FA) was analyzed in the white matter using the tract based spatial statistics program. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with ALS (15 females, mean age 66.9 + -2.3) and 13 healthy controls (four females, average age 66.9 + - 2) were included. The DTI showed white matter damage in ALS patients vs. healthy controls (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: In our preliminary study the alterations of white matter in DTI were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Substância Branca/patologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(5): 272-276, May 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-838901

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The objective of this preliminary study was to correlate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) alterations with the cognitive profile of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods This was a case-control study conducted from December 1, 2012 to December 1, 2014. Clinical and demographic data were recorded. A neuropsychological test battery adapted to ALS patients was used. An MRI with DTI was performed in all patients and fractional anisotropy (FA) was analyzed in the white matter using the tract based spatial statistics program. Results Twenty-four patients with ALS (15 females, mean age 66.9 + -2.3) and 13 healthy controls (four females, average age 66.9 + - 2) were included. The DTI showed white matter damage in ALS patients vs. healthy controls (p < 0.001). Discussion In our preliminary study the alterations of white matter in DTI were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.


RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio preliminar fue correlacionar alteraciones del Tensor de Difusión (TD) con el perfil cognitivo de pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrofica (ELA). Metodos Se realizó estudio casos-controles entre el 1 de Diciembre del 2012 hasta el 1 de Diciembre del 2014. Se registraron datos clínicos y demográficos. Se utilizó batería de tests neuropsicológicos adaptada a ELA. Se realizó RMN de cerebro con TD en todos los pacientes, la Fracción de Anisotropía (FA) se analizó en sustancia blanca, utilizando el programa Tract Based Spatial Statistics. Resultados Se incluyeron 24 pacientes con ELA (15 mujeres, edad media 66.9 + -2.3) y 13 controles sanos (4 mujeres, edad media 66.9 +-2). El TD mostró daño en sustancia blanca en los pacientes con ELA vs controles (p < 0.001). Discusión En nuestro estudio preliminar las alteraciones de sustancia blanca en TD se asociaron significativamente con alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes con ELA.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/complicações , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Substância Branca/patologia , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Testes Neuropsicológicos
7.
Buenos Aires; Del Hospital; 2011. 125 p. ilus.(Problemas Frecuentes).
Monografia em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-667173

RESUMO

Contenido: La queja cognitiva. La memoria. Los olvidos. Diferentes escenarios clínicos en los que se encuentra afectada la memoria. La demencia. La consulta con el médico. Medidas para preservar y estimular la memoria. Tratamiento de las personas con demencia. En el consultorio. La depresión y las fallas en la memoria. Prevención y herencia de la demencia. El trabajo de los familiares de las personas con demencia. El manejo de la información en las personas y familiares que consultan por queja cognitiva.


Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Demência , Memória
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