[Consensus statement on the use of acetaminophen/tramadol in patients with moderate-severe pain]. / Documento de consenso sobre el uso de la combinación paracetamol/tramadol en pacientes con dolor moderado-intenso.

OBJECTIVES: To present recommendations on the use of the paracetamol/tramadol (P/T) combination in patients with moderate-intense pain based on best evidence and experience. METHODS: The method of nominal groups and Delphi was followed, and supported by a systematic literature review (SLR). A multidisciplinary panel of 12 experts in pain management was selected. In the first nominal group meeting, the aim, scope, users, and sections of the consensus document, were defined, along with the preliminary general recommendations. For the SLR, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the search strategies, were defined. Two reviewers selected and analysed the articles. This evidence was discussed in a second nominal group meeting, and definitive recommendations were developed. For each recommendation, the evidence levels and grade of recommendation grades were classified according to the Oxford model, and the grade according to the Delphi technique. It was defined as an agreement if at least 70% of the participants scored ≥7 for each recommendation (1=total disagreement to 10=total agreement). RESULTS: A total of 20 recommendations were produced, which covered general aspects, such as the assessment of pain, and those specific to P/T management. These latter included the indications of the P/T combination (patient profile, dosing, prescription, formulations), risk management (contraindications, precautions, interactions, concomitant use with other medications, follow-up, special situations), and patient education. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations attempt to resolve any of the routine clinical questions, and help in the making of decisions on the use of the P/T combination in patients with moderate-intense pain.

Cerebelitis aguda con hidrocefalia y compresión aguda del tronco encefálico / Acute cerebellitis with hydrocephalus and acute compression of the cerebral trunk

La cerebelitis aguda (CA) acompañada de inflamación fatal del cerebelo es un cuadro muy poco frecuente con diferentes formas de tratamiento. Presentamos el caso de un niño que desarrolló una CA de evolución mortal. Realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía incluyendo diferentes opciones de tratamiento. Se trata de un varón de 5 años de edad que, tras un cuadro de cefalea y vómitos, evoluciona rápidamente a coma. La resonancia magnética cerebral muestra una hidrocefalia obstructiva por compresión del tronco cerebral debido a un aumento de volumen de los hemisferios cerebelosos. Se decidió realizar tratamiento médico con esteroides, y tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la colocación de una válvula de derivación externa, a pesar de lo cual el paciente falleció. La necropsia fue compatible con una CA. Existen pocos casos descritos en la bibliografía de evolución mortal de una CA. El tratamiento esteroideo puede ser insuficiente, por lo que es necesario realizar una intervención neuroquirúrgica rápida mediante un drenaje ventricular externo. Algunos pacientes pueden precisar una descompresión de la fosa posterior mediante una craniectomía suboccipital descompresiva. En este caso clínico, la evolución fue tan rápida que impidió dicho procedimiento (AU)

Acute cerebellitis (AC) accompanied of fatal inflammation of the cerebellum is a rare disease with different forms of medical and surgical treatment. We report the case of a child who developed a CA of fatal evolution. We review the literature and discuss about it including different treatment options. This is a 5-year-old male patient who presents symptoms such as a headache and vomits evolving rapidly into a comma. The cerebral MRI shows an obstructive hydrocephalus and compression of the cerebral trunk due to an increase of volume of the cerebellar hemispheres. The decision is of medical treatment and steroids and a surgical intervention by means of placing an eternal ventricular drain all was ineffective and the patient dies. The autopsy was compatible with AC. The steroid treatment may be insufficient therefore it is necessary to establish a rapid neuro-surgery by means of an external ventricular drainage. Some patients might need a decompression of the posterior cavity by means of a decompressive suboccipital craniectomy. In this clinical case, the evolution was so fast that the above-mentioned procedure was prevented (AU)