Influencia de la Vitamina D en la osteointegración de implentes dentales / Influence of vitamin D on the osseointegration of dental implants

OBJETIVO: Determinar la influencia de la vitamina D en la osteointegración de los implantes dentales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía en las bases de datos online Pubmed, Cochrane y Google Académico sin restricción de fecha o idioma. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron un total de 25 artículos, tratándose en su mayoría de estudios de investigación en animales o estudios "in vitro". Tan sólo 4 de los artículos seleccionados son de investigación en humanos. Discusión: La vitamina D es una molécula liposoluble derivada del colesterol, es de gran importancia en el metabolismo óseo favoreciendo su mineralización. Los estudios al respecto, parecen indicar que los niveles de vitamina D suponen una importante influencia sobre el proceso de osteointegración, actuando en el metabolismo óseo y en la respuesta inmune periimplantaria. CONCLUSIONES: Estudios experimentales en animales han demostrado que existe una relación directa entre el déficit de vitamina D y las alteraciones en la osteointegración de los implantes en fases tempranas. En humanos también se asocia el déficit de dicha vitamina con el fracaso temprano de los implantes dentales, sin embargo, esta afirmación no ha podido ser aún demostrada. Por otro lado, se ha relacionado el uso de suplementos vitamínicos en personas con déficit de vitamina D con la supervivencia de los implantes dentales en este tipo de pacientes, así como también se ha observado que los niveles de vitamina D están relacionados con la aparición y avance de enfermedades periimplantarias

OBJECTIVE: To determine the infuence of vitamin D on the osseo integration of dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of the literature databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and Google Scholar), along with cross-referencing published peer-reviewed articles, was conducted. The search include full text without restriction of date or language. RESULTS: A total of 25 articles were selected from the reviewed articles, most of them being animal research studies or "in vitro" studies. Only 4 of the selected articles are from human research. Discusión: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble molecule derived from cholesterol, is of great importance in bone metabolism, favoring bone mineralization. Studies in this regard seem to indicate that vitamin D levels are an important infuence on the osseointegration process, infuencing bone metabolism and peri-implant immune response. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental studies in animals have shown that there is a direct relationship between vitamin D defciency and alterations in the osseointegration of implants in early stages. In humans, the defcit of this vitamin is also associated with the early failure of dental implants, however this statement has not yet been proven. On the other hand, the use of vitamin supplements in people with vitamin D defciency has been related to the survival of dental implants in this type of patients, as well as it has been observed that vitamin D levels are related to the appearance and progress of peri-implant diseases

Effects of locally applied Insulin-like Growth Factor-I on osseointegration.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of IGF-I on osseointegration of dental implants placed in osteoporotic bones. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 16 rabbits were randomly distributed into two groups: eight animals were ovariectomized and fed a low-calcium diet for six weeks, in order to induce experimental osteoporosis, and the others were sham-operated and fed a standard diet. A titanium implant was inserted into the tibiae in both groups. In half of the rabbits, 4 µg of IGF-I was applied into the ostectomy, prior to the implant insertion. A total of 32 implants were placed. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after surgery and decalcified samples were processed for Bone-To-Implant Contact (BIC) and Bone Area Density (BAD) measurements. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical evaluation. P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: Ovariectomy induced statistically significant lower BAD values (p=0.008) and a tendency towards lower BIC values when compared osteoporotic and healthy groups. The administration of 4 µg of IGF-I did not produce statistically significant differences neither on BIC nor on BAD values, neither in the osteoporotic animals nor in healthy. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this experimental study, local administration of 4 µg of IGF-I was not able to induce any changes in the osseointegration process two weeks after surgery, neither in healthy rabbits nor in the osteoporotic group.

The role of growth hormone in bone response for implant treatment. Experimental study using presenile animals / El papel de la hormona de crecimiento en la respuesta ósea para el tratamiento con implantes. Estudio experimental utilizando animales preseniles

Many factors can modify osteointegration, among them the subject's age and the possibility of using hormone treatment to improve the phenomenon. In the present study we used a histological technique that permits study not only of interface, but also bone response in distant areas. Growth hormone (GH) was used topically in aged animals that had received a titanium plate as an implant in their tibiae. A similar degree of osteointegration was observed in both, the control and treated groups. Distantly located bone issue urderwent certain modifications in its osteocyte lacunae in the treated group but not in the control group (AU)

Muchos factores son capaces de modificar la osteointegración, entre ellos la edad del sujeto y la posibilidad de emplear tratamiento hormonal para mejorar el fenómeno. En este estudio utilizamos una técnica histológica que permite el estudio no sólo de la interfase sino también de la respuesta ósea en áreas distantes. Se aplicó tópicamente hormona de crecimiento (GH) en animales viejos que habían recibido una placa de titanio como implante en sus tibias. Se observó un grado similar de osteointegración en los grupos control y tratados. El tejido óseo localizado a distancia sufrió ciertas modificaciones en las lagunas de los osteocitos en el grupo tratado, pero no en el de animales controles (AU)