Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Oral Health Problems among Children in Spain.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to explore the association between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oral health in a representative sample of the Spanish population aged 6-14 years. We also examined the contribution of several sociodemographic and behavioral determinants of children/adolescents and their family environment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 3,402 subjects aged between 6 and 14 years from the Spanish National Health Survey. The presence of ADHD symptoms was determined using the self-reported hyperactivity/inattention subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Oral health was assessed using five indicators: caries, extraction, restorations, gingival bleeding, and the presence of teeth in poor condition (e.g., broken or misaligned). Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between the presence of ADHD symptoms and oral health indicators. These models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle variables, and oral hygiene behaviors relating to both the children and their parents. RESULTS: Compared to children without ADHD symptoms, children with ADHD symptoms had a higher risk of caries (fully adjusted odds ratio: 2.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.66-2.82), extraction (1.42; 1.09-1.85), restoration (1.47; 1.19-1.82) and gingival bleeding (1.64; 1.11-2.41). The increased risk of caries was maintained when the analyses were restricted to middle/high social class families and children with low sugar intake, good oral hygiene behaviors and regular dental visits. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD symptoms in Spain had worse oral health indicators than those without ADHD symptoms. Our results suggest that the association of ADHD symptoms with caries was independent of socioeconomic level, cariogenic diet, frequency of toothbrushing, and dental visits.

Impact of Breast Cancer on Cardiometabolic Health in Spanish Women ≥50 Years with Pre-Existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

During breast cancer (BC), cardiometabolic disorders can worsen prognosis, particularly in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the impact of BC diagnosis on cardiometabolic parameters and the incidence of complication in women over 50 years of age (90% aged ≥ 65 years) with pre-existing T2DM. Using primary care registries from Asturias (Spain), a total of 106 women diagnosed with T2DM followed by BC were selected and matched with women with T2DM (n = 212) in a cohort study. Indicators of cardiometabolic health and microvascular complications associated with T2DM were collected. Women were monitored from two years prior to five years after BC diagnosis. Conditional logistic regressions were used to compare the adjusted odds of staying below each indicator's threshold. During follow-up, women with T2DM+BC had a higher risk of fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 1.01-3.32) and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) ≥ 48 mmol/mol or 6.5% (aOR: 2.44; IC95%: 1.21-4.91). There was no difference between the groups regarding the incidence of microvascular complications. BC incidence negatively impacted the glycemic control of Spanish women with pre-existing T2DM measured by basal blood glucose and HbA1c, but not cardiometabolic health indicators or T2DM complications.

Determinantes sociales y su influencia en la cesta de la compra: una aproximación desde la observación participante / Social determinants and their influence on the shopping cart

Fundamentos: Los hábitos de vida, influenciados por factores socioeconómicos y culturales, se relacionan con la etiologíade enfermedades cuyo factor de riesgo es una alimentación poco saludable. La dieta es un elemento clave entre los elementos modificables. La observación participante empleada en esta investigación favorece el conocimiento real de la comunidad.El objetivo de este estudio ha sido observar la influencia de los determinantes sociales sobre los hábitos de compra de productos alimenticios en supermercados de dos barrios urbanos de Gijón de distinto nivel socioeconómico. Métodos: Se realizó una observación participante bajo unenfoque etnográfico en dos barrios con diferente nivel socioeconómico.Resultados: La población que acudió al supermercado en el barrio de nivel socioeconómico más alto era mayoritariamente femenina, realizaban la compra en familia o pareja, observaronetiquetados nutricionales y presentaron tendencias de consumo más saludables. En cambio, en el barrio con el nivelsocioeconómico más bajo, se observó mayor consumo de productos no saludables, compras individuales y mayor gestión de la economía. Conclusiones: El abordaje de los problemas de salud asociados a la alimentación debe realizarse desde una práctica de salud pública que abarque estrategias de educación, género,económicas y legislativas para poder afrontar el problema de forma integral. (AU)

Background: Life habits are related to the etiology of some diseases whose risk factor is an unhealthy diet and are highly influenced by socio-economic and cultural factors. Diet is a key element among the modificable risk factors. Participant observation used in this investigation favors the real knowledge of the study community. The objective of this study is to observe the influence of social determinants on the purchasing habits of food products in supermarkets in two urban neighborhoods of Gijón with different socioeconomic status. Methods: A participative observation was made under an ethnographic approach in two neighbourhoods with different socio-economic levels. Results: The population that went to the supermarket in the neighborhood with the highest socioeconomic level was mainly female, made the purchase in family or couple,observed nutritional labels and presented healthier consumption trends. In contrast, in the neighborhood with the lowest socioeconomic level, a higher consumption of unhealthy products was observed, as well as individual purchase and greater management on the economy (shopping list). Conclusions: Addressing health problems associated with diet must be carried out from a public health practice that encompasses educational, gender, economic and legislative strategies to be able to approach the problem in an integralway. (AU)

Análisis comparativo de la calidad nutricional de productos destinados a público infantil frente a público adulto a partir del etiquetado / Comparative analysis of the nutritional quality of products intended for public children against public adult from packaging

OBJETIVO: Para la industria la publicidad en alimentación dirigida a captar al público infantil ha estado siempre a la orden del día. En los últimos años, debido a la epidemia de obesidad infantil que se está viviendo en los países desarrollados, la legislación es cada vez más estricta a este respecto. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los productos dirigidos en su etiquetado hacia el público infantil con otros de similares características que no incluyan publicidad infantilizada para valorar si existen diferencias nutricionales entre ellos. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo observacional transversal. Se estudiaron los productos de alimentación a la venta en supermercados y grandes superficies dirigidos a público infantil y sus equivalentes dirigidos a público adulto. Se empleó un tamaño muestral de 160 productos (80 productos infantiles y 80 productos para adultos). La información se recogió de forma presencial en 5 supermercados. Se analizaron medidas de frecuencia para los resultados descriptivos y ji-cuadrado para las comparaciones entre variables cualitativas. RESULTADOS: En un 58,75% de los productos estudiados no se encontraron mejores valores nutricionales para los niños pese a ser destinados por medio del empaquetado directamente a ellos. El 52,94%, además, tuvo un precio superior en los productos infantiles pese a tener las mismas características nutricionales. CONCLUSIONES: Los productos con embalaje infantil presentan características nutricionales similares a grandes rasgos a aquellos que dirigidos al público adulto por lo que se precisa una adecuada revisión del etiquetado nutricional de los productos cuando se acude a realizar la compra

OBJECTIVE: Food advertising to attract children has always been the order of the day for industries. In recent years, due to the epidemic of childhood obesity in developed countries, legislation is increasingly strict in this regard. The purpose of this study is to compare the products targeted in their labeling to children with other similar products that do not include childish advertising to assess whether there are nutritional differences between them. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational descriptive study. We studied the food products sold in supermarkets and their equivalents for adults. A sample size of 160 products was used (80 children's products and 80 adult products). The information was collected in person at 5 supermarkets. We analyzed frequency measures for descriptive results and chi-square for comparisons between qualitative variables. RESULTS: In 58.75% of the products studied no greater nutritional suitability was found for the children despite being destined through the packaging directly to them. The 52.94%, in addition, had a higher price in children's products despite having the same nutritional characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The products with infantile packaging present nutritional characteristics similar in packaging to those that are directed to the adult public, reason why an adequate revision is needed the nutritional labeling of the products when it goes to realize the purchases