Does 8-Week Resistance Training with Slow Movement Cadenced by Pilates Breathing Affect Muscle Strength and Balance of Older Adults? An Age-Matched Controlled Trial.

This study investigated the balance and dorsiflexion strength of older adults after eight weeks of resistance training, with the exercise velocity cadenced by the Pilates breathing technique and the volume modulated by the session duration. Forty-four older adults were divided into two groups: resistance training (TR; n = 22) and resistance training with the Pilates breathing technique cadencing all exercises (TR + P; n = 22), both during eight weeks. The total exercising volume was controlled by time of execution (50 min/session). The dorsiflexion strength and balance were assessed. The RT group showed higher dorsiflexion strength after the protocol: Right (RT = 29.1 ± 7.7 vs. RT + P = 22.9 ± 5.2, p = 0.001) and Left (RT = 29.5 ± 6.9 vs. RT + P = 24.0 ± 5.2, p = 0.001). All balance parameters were improved in RT + P group compared to its own baseline: Path Length (cm) (pre = 71.0 ± 14.3 vs. post = 59.7 ± 14.3, p = 0.003); Sway Velocity (cm/s) (pre = 3.6 ± 0.7; post = 2.9 ± 0.7; p = 0.001); Sway Area (cm2) (pre = 8.9 ± 5.3 vs. post = 5.7 ± 2.1, p = 0.003); Excursion Medio Lateral (cm) (pre = 3.0 ± 0.7 vs. post = 2.6 ± 0.5 cm, p = 0.002); and Excursion AP (cm) (pre = 3.6 ± 1.4 vs. post = 2.8 ± 0.7 cm, p = 0.010). Resistance training using slower velocity movement cadenced by Pilates breathing technique produced balance improvements compared to baseline (moderate to large effect sizes), but no between-group effect was observed at the end of the protocol. The dorsiflexion strength was higher in the RT group compared to RT + P group.

Acute Effects of Single- Versus Double-Leg Postactivation Potentiation on Postural Balance of Older Women: An Age-Matched Controlled Study.

AIMS: To compare the postactivation potentiation effects of isometric contraction until failure in double- and single-leg tasks on older women's balance. METHODS: The one-legged balance test was performed before and immediately after a rise-to-toes task until the task failure. Older women were divided into two groups: a group performed the task with double leg (n = 43) and the other group with single-leg support (n = 55). RESULTS: The single-leg group showed slower velocity of sway post rise-to-toes task (pre = 4.02 ± 1; post = 3.78 ± 1.15 m/s; p = .04) without differences for the center of pressure path length (pre = 79 ± 21; post = 75 ± 23 cm; p = .08). In the double-leg group, faster velocity of sway (pre = 4 ± 1.22; post = 4.25 ± 1.13; p = .03) and increased center of pressure path length (pre = 80 ± 24; post = 85 ± 23 cm; p = .03) were observed after the task. CONCLUSIONS: The single-leg group showed improved balance outcomes due to postactivation potentiation, while the double-leg group showed worsened balance consistent with muscle fatigue.