Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Rectum: A Case Report.

Introduction: Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) represent roughly 1-2% of all colorectal malignancies. Given the rareness and heterogeneity of these mixed tumors, recognition and accurate diagnosis remain a challenge. In the absence of established guidelines, they are treated according to the standard of care for pure neuroendocrine carcinomas or adenocarcinomas from similar sites of origin. Case Presentation: We herein report a case of a rectal MiNEN in a 55-year-old male. He underwent colonoscopy for rectal bleeding and mucus emission, which revealed a vegetating lesion located approximately 8 cm from the anal verge, corresponding to a moderately differentiated low-grade adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging uncovered the presence of lung, lymph node, and subcutaneous implant metastases. The biopsy of the cutaneous implant showed neuroendocrine carcinoma Ki-67 90%. The patient underwent systemic chemotherapy. Conclusion: High-grade MiNEN tumors are the most commonly encountered in clinical practice and have an aggressive biological behavior. Little is known about the genetic drivers of this neoplasm and its pathogenesis remains controversial. Clinical and pathological awareness of this rare entity is a key step to design future targeted therapies and improve treatment options. The aim of this case report is to further our understanding regarding the clinical presentation, radiological features, pathology, management, and prognosis of MiNEN.

Fitting of Different Intraradicular Composite Posts to Oval Tooth Root Canals: A Preliminary Assessment.

The purpose of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the fitting of different fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to tooth root canals and determine the resin cement layer thickness. The following GFRC posts were assessed: bundle posts (Rebilda GTTM, VOCO, Germany), sleeve system (SAPTM, Angelus Ind, Brazil), and accessory posts (ReforpinTM, Angelus, Brazil). Twenty-four freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted pre-molars were endodontically treated and divided into six groups, according to the type of GFRC post and resin cement (self-adhesive or conventional dual-cured). Then, specimens were cross-sectioned and inspected by optical microscopy regarding the cement layer thickness and presence of defects such as pores, voids, or fissures were assessed. Bundle and accessory posts revealed a regular distribution of resin cement with a lower number of voids than found with sleeve systems. The sleeve system posts showed poor fitting at the apical portion of the root canals. The type of resin cement did not affect the thickness of the interface, although both bundle and accessory posts allow a better distribution of resin cement and fibers. The present preliminary study reveals interesting insights on the fitting of bundle and accessory posts to root dentin and resin cement layer thickness in oval-shape root canals. The sleeve system posts showed adequate fitting only at the coronal portion of the canals.

["Nothing about us without us": deafness in history teaching and historiography, 2015-2022]. / "Nada sobre nós, sem nós": a surdez no ensino de história e na produção historiográfica, 2015-2022.

This text presents the partial results of ongoing research into deafness in history teaching and historiography between 2015 and 2022. The study problematizes the place of disabled people in top-ranking periodicals (the top two categories in Brazil) and in pedagogical projects on degree courses in history (with and without teacher-training certification) at the University of São Paulo and the State University of Campinas. These universities were chosen because they topped the ranking in a survey conducted by Folha de S.Paulo newspaper. The study observes how the Brazilian Inclusion Law (law 13.146, of July 6, 2015) is incorporated into the initial training of these professionals.

O texto aponta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a surdez no ensino de história e na produção historiográfica entre 2015 e 2022. O trabalho problematiza o lugar da pessoa com deficiência nos periódicos A1 e A2 e nos projetos pedagógicos de cursos de graduação em história (formação de professores e pesquisadores) da Universidade de São Paulo e da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, por conta de serem indicadas como as mais bem posicionadas no ranking de uma pesquisa realizada pela Folha de S.Paulo, levando-se em conta os critérios de articulação entre a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão, lei 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015, e a formação inicial desses profissionais.

Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task and EF in two samples of adolescents in Brazil and United States.

Executive function (EF) is a foundational cognitive construct, which is linked to better cognitive and physical health throughout development. The present study examines the construct validity of an EF task, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task (HTKS) that was initially developed for young children, in a sample of adolescents. We investigate the initial validity and range in scores between 54 adolescents from Brazil (mean age 12.58) and 56 US adolescents (mean age 12.48) from different socioeconomic contexts. Results indicated that the HTKS showed sufficient variability in both samples, especially for a measure of HTKS efficiency (completion time divided by the total score). The US sample performed better on all cognitive measures. For the Brazilian sample, regression models controlling for age and sex showed a significant relationship between the digit span working memory task, the HTKS total score, and the HTKS efficiency score. The Heart and Flowers cognitive flexibility measure was also included as an independent variable only for the Brazil sample, showing a significant relationship with both HTKS scores. For the US sample, results showed that only the HTKS efficiency score was significantly related to the digit span working memory task. This study highlights the importance of cognitive efficiency measures to achieve greater validity, as they can assess a broader range of performance with different populations. The HTKS showed good ecological validity with two adolescent samples, as it differentiated between populations with high and low socioeconomic status from different cultural contexts.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of Nanostructured Silica Containing Lanthanide Type Ln-SiO2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Dy, Yb, Lu).

The nanostructured lanthanide-silica materials of the Ln-SiO2 type (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Dy, Yb, Lu) were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 100 °C, using cetyltrimethylammonium as a structural template, silica gel and sodium silicate as a source of silicon, and lanthanide oxides, with Si/Ln molar ratio = 50. The resulting materials were calcined at 500 °C using nitrogen and air, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), surface area by the BET method and acidity measurements by n-butylamine adsorption. The XRD and chemical analysis indicated that the SiO2 presented a hexagonal structure and the incorporation of lanthanides in the structure changes the properties of the Ln-SiO2 materials. The heavier the lanthanide element, the higher the Si/Ln ratio. The TG curves showed that the decomposition of the structural template occurs in the materials at temperatures below 500 °C. The samples showed variations in specific surface area, mean pore diameter and silica wall thickness, depending on the nature of the lanthanide. The incorporation of different lanthanides in the silica generated acid sites of varied strength. The hydrothermal stability of the Ln-SiO2 materials evaluated at high temperatures, evidenced that the properties can be controlled for application in adsorption and catalysis processes.

Surface modification of glass fiber-reinforced composite posts to enhance their bond strength to resin-matrix cements: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Endodontically treated teeth usually can reveal an extensive loss of dental structure and require the use of intraradicular posts to provide adequate support and retention. Retention of the post depends on the surface treatment of the endodontic post itself and on the root canal dentin as well as on the type of resin-matrix cement. PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review on the influence of different surface treatment methods of glass fiber-reinfored resin composite (GFRC) posts on their push-out bond strength to resin-matrix cements in endodontically treated teeth rehabiliation. METHOD: A literature search was performed on PubMed (via National Library of Medicine) regarding articles published within the last 10 years, using the following combination of search terms: "intracanal post" OR "endodontic post" OR "root canal post" OR "intraradicular post" OR "glass fiber" AND "resin cement" AND "adhesion" OR "bond strength" OR "shear bond strength" OR "push out". RESULTS: Results from the selected studies recorded the highest push-out bond strength around 22.5 MPa) on GFRC posts to resin-matrix cements when the surfaces were pre-treated by grit-blasting with silicate followed by silane conditioning. However, high values of push-out bond strength (21.5 MPa) were also noticed for GFRC posts after etching with hydrogen peroxide followed by silance conditioning. Thus, the highest values of bond strength of endodontic posts to the resin-matrix cements were recorded when a combined physico-chemical approach was assessed. Non-treated surfaces showed the lowest bond strength values between 5 to and 9 MPa. Surface analyses of GFRC posts showed an increased roughness after grit-blasting or etching that promoted a mechanical interlocking of the adhesive and resin-matrix cements. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment of glass fiber-reinforced resin composite post surfaces by physical and chemical methods can promote the increase in roughness and chemical functionalization of the surfaces prior to cementation., That results in a high mechanical interlocking of the resin-matrix cements and a stable retention of the teeth root intracanal posts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Combining chemical and physical modification methods of surfaces can provide the most promising adhesion-enhancing pathways of GFRC posts to resin-matrix cements, that can decrease the risk of clinical failures by fracture and detachment of endodontic posts.

The resin-matrix cement layer thickness resultant from the intracanal fitting of teeth root canal posts: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the layer thickness and microstructure of resin-matrix cements around custom-made or standard teeth root intracanal posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted on the PubMed using a combination of the following scientific terms: intraradicular post, root intracanal post, resin cement, thickness, adaptation, endodontic post, layer thickness, fit, shape, and endodontic core. The literature selection criteria accepted articles published in the English language, up to May 2021, involving in vitro analyses, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective cohort studies. RESULTS: The search identified 154 studies, of which 24 were considered relevant to this study. The selected studies provided important data considering cement layer thickness, tooth preparation, endodontic post, and type of resin-matrix cement. The anatomical variability of root canal systems, such as the oval- or C-shaped, represents a challenge in dental restoration with tooth root intracanal posts. The fitting of intracanal posts to different root regions is variable resulting in thick and irregular layers of resin-matrix cement. Defects like pores, micro-cracks, and micro-gaps were detected in the resin-matrix cement microstructure and represent spots of stress concentration and fracture. Custom-made tooth root intracanal posts provide a proper fitting and decrease the layer thickness of resin-matrix cement. CONCLUSIONS: In fact, the layer thickness of resin-matrix cements depends on the fitting of endodontic posts to tooth root canals. An increase of resin cement thickness causes the appearance of defects like pores, micro-cracks, and micro-gaps that can induce stress concentration and fractures at interfaces. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The fitting of the endodontic post into the teeth root canal determine the layer thickness of the resin-matrix cement to establish an adequate retention. However, the increase in the thickness of the resin-matrix cement layer can lead to a high number of defects like pores or cracks and therefore decrease the strength of the interface.

Catalytic pyrolysis (Ni/Al-MCM-41) of palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil to obtain renewable hydrocarbons.

The present work aims to evaluate the potential of Al-MCM-41 and Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalysts for the production of renewable hydrocarbons through the fast pyrolysis of palm oil. Al-MCM-41 mesoporous material was synthesized by the hydrothermal route. The Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalyst was obtained by the wet impregnation method of the Al-MCM-41 material (support) previously synthesized with 2.3% metal in relation to the support mass. The thermal pyrolysis of palm oil yielded many oxygenated compounds with a very high molecular mass. The pyrolysis of the oil under the action of Al-MCM-41 presented greater selectivity when compared to thermal pyrolysis, obtaining 63% of hydrocarbons in the C11-C15 region. The catalytic pyrolysis of the oil with Ni/Al-MCM-41 showed a high deoxygenation rate, obtaining a hydrocarbon percentage equal to 78%, in addition to obtaining a percentage of hydrocarbons equal to 46% in the region of interest, viz., C11-C15, demonstrating the potential of the Ni/Al-MCM-41 catalyst for renewable hydrocarbons production (bio-jet fuel) from palm oil.

Motor Coordination Correlates with Academic Achievement and Cognitive Function in Children.

The relationship between exercise and cognition is an important topic of research that only recently began to unravel. Here, we set out to investigate the relation between motor skills, cognitive function, and school performance in 45 students from 8 to 14 years of age. We used a cross-sectional design to evaluate motor coordination (Touch Test Disc), agility (Shuttle Run Speed-running back and forth), school performance (Academic Achievement Test), the Stroop test, and six sub-tests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). We found, that the Touch Test Disc was the best predictor of school performance (R (2) = 0.20). Significant correlations were also observed between motor coordination and several indices of cognitive function, such as the total score of the Academic Achievement Test (AAT; Spearman's rho = 0.536; p ≤ 0.001), as well as two WISC-IV sub-tests: block design (R = -0.438; p = 0.003) and cancelation (rho = -0.471; p = 0.001). All the other cognitive variables pointed in the same direction, and even correlated with agility, but did not reach statistical significance. Altogether, the data indicate that visual motor coordination and visual selective attention, but not agility, may influence academic achievement and cognitive function. The results highlight the importance of investigating the correlation between physical skills and different aspects of cognition.

Peroxidase catalytic cycle of MCM-41-entrapped microperoxidase-11 as a mechanism for phenol oxidation.

The encapsulation of microperoxidases (MPs) into molecular sieves with controlled pore size, such as the mesoporous silica MCM-41, represents a nanotechnology strategy to control the catalytic properties of MPs and mimic the enzymatic activity of hemoproteins. In this work, the ferric microperoxidase-11 (MP-11), obtained from trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of horse-heart cytochrome c, was entrapped in MCM-41, thus resulting in a catalyst (Fe(III)MP11MCM41) with catalase and monooxygenase properties. The entrapment of MP-11 inside MCM-41 was confirmed by elemental analysis and UV-visible spectrum, with a red shift in the Soret band indicating that the heme group was in a hydrophobic microenvironment. Similarly to catalase, the catalyst Fe(III)MP11MCM41 exhibited specificity for hydrogen peroxide to be converted to a high-valence oxidized intermediate, Compound II. Also mimicking catalase, the cleavage of hydrogen peroxide by MP11MCM41 resulted in O2 production detected by a Clark electrode. Phenol was able to act as reducing agent of MP11MCM41 Compound II leading to the completion of a peroxidase cycle, as confirmed by UV-visible spectrometry and EPR measurements. The analysis of the reaction products by high performance liquid chromatogram coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) revealed 2,4-dihydroxyphenol as the product of phenol oxidation by MP11MCM41. Therefore, in addition to catalase activity, the catalyst MP11MCM41 also displayed monooxygenase properties, which was possible because the MP-11 heme iron promotes homolytic cleavage of the hydrogen peroxide generating hydroxyl radicals. With such characteristics, MCM-41-entrapped MP-11 is a promising catalyst for nanobiotechnological devices.