La vulnerabilidad femenina frente al VIH en América Latina / Womens vulnerability to HIV in Latin America, HIV/AIDS in women

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones, en el contexto de América Latina, que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres al VIH y que impactan gravemente en su bienestar. La revisión sobre la evidencia disponible y la reflexión de las autoras fue centrada en las experiencias de América Latina incluyendo la experiencia personal de las autoras de México y El Salvador en el seguimiento y atención de mujeres con VIH. Las mujeres de la región de América Latina se encuentran en una posición de enorme vulnerabilidad y con pocos recursos de protección. Los factores relacionados a dicha vulnerabilidad las impulsan hoy al centro de la epidemia teniendo como resultado un crecimiento acelerado de la epidemia entre ellas. El daño producido por el VIH a las mujeres no se limita exclusivamente a ellas sino se ve extendido a su familia acrecentando así el dolor y el sufrimiento de las afectadas (AU)

This manuscript is intended to analyze the conditions that contribute to increase womens vulnerability to HIV in the Latin American region and affects and impacts on its wellbeing. The review and reflection of the authors is center in the evidence available and in their experience in Latin America with particular emphasis in the experience in Mexico and El Salvador where they have being involved in the care of HIV infected women. Women in the Latin-American region are placed in a position of great vulnerability, with scarcely preventive resources. The factors related to this vulnerability are impelling them to the center of this epidemic with an accelerated HIV epidemic among women in the region. The damage produced by HIV in women is not exclusively limited to them but is being extended to their families increasing the pain and suffering of those affected (AU)

La vulnerabilidad femenina frente al VIH en América Latina / Women's vulnerability to HIV in Latin America, HIV/AIDS in women

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones, en el contexto de América Latina, que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres al VIH y que impactan gravemente en su bienestar. La revisión sobre la evidencia disponible y la reflexión de las autoras fue centrada en las experiencias de América Latina incluyendo la experiencia personal de las autoras de México y El Salvador en el seguimiento y atención de mujeres con VIH. Las mujeres de la región de América Latina se encuentran en una posición de enorme vulnerabilidad y con pocos recursos de protección. Los factores relacionados a dicha vulnerabilidad las impulsan hoy al centro de la epidemia teniendo como resultado un crecimiento acelerado de la epidemia entre ellas. El daño producido por el VIH a las mujeres no se limita exclusivamente a ellas sino se ve extendido a su familia acrecentando así el dolor y el sufrimiento de las afectadas

This manuscript is intended to analyze the conditions that contribute to increase women's vulnerability to HIV in the Latin American region and affects and impacts on its wellbeing. The review and reflection of the authors is center in the evidence available and in their experience in Latin America with particular emphasis in the experience in Mexico and El Salvador where they have being involved in the care of HIV infected women. Women in the Latin-American region are placed in a position of great vulnerability, with scarcely preventive resources. The factors related to this vulnerability are impelling them to the center of this epidemic with an accelerated HIV epidemic among women in the region. The damage produced by HIV in women is not exclusively limited to them but is being extended to their families increasing the pain and suffering of those affected

Colon cancer chemoprevention by a novel NO chimera that shows anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo.

Chemopreventive agents in colorectal cancer possess either antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory actions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have shown promise, but are compromised by side effects. Nitric oxide donor NSAIDs are organic nitrates conjugated via a labile linker to an NSAID, originally designed for use in pain relief, that have shown efficacy in colorectal cancer chemoprevention. The NO chimera, GT-094, is a novel nitrate containing an NSAID and disulfide pharmacophores, a lead compound for the design of agents specifically for colorectal cancer. GT-094 is the first nitrate reported to reduce aberrant crypt foci (by 45%) when administered after carcinogen in the standard azoxymethane rat model of colorectal cancer. Analysis of proximal and distal colon tissue from 8- and 28-week rat/azoxymethane studies showed that GT-094 treatment reduced colon crypt proliferation by 30% to 69%, reduced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) levels by 33% to 67%, reduced poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 expression and cleavage 2- to 4-fold, and elevated levels of p27 in the distal colon 3-fold. Studies in cancer cell cultures recapitulated actions of GT-094: antiproliferative activity and transient G(2)-M phase cell cycle block were measured in Caco-2 cells; apoptotic activity was examined but not observed; anti-inflammatory activity was seen in the inhibition of up-regulation of iNOS and endogenous NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activity observed in vivo and in vitro support GT-094 as a lead compound for the design of NO chimeras for colorectal cancer chemoprevention.