The relation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal cancer: a review.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) represent a major public health challenge. In 2020, the international agency for research on cancer (IARC) recorded 98,421 cases of OPSCC worldwide. Over the past decade, the epidemiological profile of patients with OPSCC has shifted, mainly due to a change in etiological factors. Previously, alcohol and tobacco were considered the primary contributors, but the human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as the leading cause of these tumors. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the relationship between OPSCC and HPV for the general practitioner. The review examined the primary clinical differences between HPV+ and HPV- OPSCC, their prognosis and treatment. In addition, the various HPV diagnostic methods were analyzed. Although there is a vast amount of literature on HPV, this review is unique in its ability to present the key information in an organized and accessible way and enables healthcare professionals to gain a better understanding of the relationship between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer. This, in turn, can contribute to the prevention of various cancers caused by the HPV virus, including oropharyngeal cancer.

Paraganglioma: estudo de seis casos e revisão bibliográfica / Paraganglioma: a six cases report and literature review

Introdução: Os tumores de corpo carotídeo são tumores pouco comuns, originários dos paragânglios, podendo ocorrer em vários sítios, inclusive na laringe. São tumores neuroendócrinos, oriundos de células da crista neural e capazes de produzir hormônios do sistema APUD (amine precursor uptake descarboxylase). Os paragangliomas de laringe são tumores raros e frequentemente confundidos com outros tipos de tumor. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência do serviço. Métodos: Estudamos os casos de paragangliomas no período de 1997 a 2008, tratados exclusivamente por cirurgia nos hospitais citados. Resultados: Foram estudados seis pacientes, sendo cinco do gênero feminino e um masculino, de idade variando de 19 a 72 anos, sendo cinco de localização cervical, sendo que dois deles com extensão para base de crânio e um de laringe. Dois pacientes, ao diagnóstico, apresentavam dispnéia. Quanto ao estadiamento, dois eram estádio I, um estádio II e três estádio III. Aos pacientes estádio III foram associadas as maiores complicações como lesão de pares cranianos e acidente vascular isquêmico. Conclusão: Por serem tumores raros e de crescimento lento, recomenda-se a cirurgia por equipe treinada no momento do diagnóstico, pois seu crescimento engloba estruturas nobres de difícil acesso, sendo isso também responsável por complicações.

Introduction: Carotid body tumors or paragangliomas are rare and they are originate from neural cryst cells, being able to secret hormones of APUD system (amine precursor uptake descarboxylase). They can occur in several sites such as carotid, jugular, tympanicum and even in the larynx. These are also rare and they are also confused with other types of tumors. Objective: To present the group experience. Methods: We studied paragangliomas treated by exclusive surgery from 1997 to 2008. Results: A total of six patients were evaluated, being 5 women and 1 mane; they are from 19 to 72 years old; five are in the neck and one in larynx. Outo fo those from the neck, two invade skull base, whereas two presented dyspnea. Their staging are: 2 patients: stage I; 1 patient: stage II; and 3 patients: stage III. The last ones had more complications like cranial nerves damage and the worst one with ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Paragangliomas are rare with slow growth. Surgery at the moment of diagnosis is recommended by head and neck surgeons because their growing invades vascular and nerves and increases complications.