Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Febre/complicações , Febre/etiologia , Doenças do Mediastino/complicações , Doenças do Mediastino , Taquicardia/complicações , Taquicardia/diagnóstico , Broncoscopia/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/tendências , Mediastino/patologia , Mediastino , Doenças do Mediastino/fisiopatologia , /métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia , Linfoma/classificaçãoAssuntos
Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Reação a Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/diagnóstico , Linfadenite/etiologia , Adulto , Reação a Corpo Estranho/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Humanos , Doenças Linfáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Linfáticas/etiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
In this study the development of a methodology to detect illicit drugs and plastic explosives is described with the objective of being applied in the realm of public security. For this end, non-destructive assay with neutrons was used and the technique applied was the real time neutron radiography together with computerized tomography. The system is endowed with automatic responses based upon the application of an artificial intelligence technique. In previous tests using real samples, the system proved capable of identifying 97% of the inspected materials.
Assuntos
Substâncias Explosivas/análise , Preparações Farmacêuticas/análise , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Inteligência Artificial , Redes Neurais de Computação , Nêutrons , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
In addition to the mutations that underlie most cases of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, somatic mutations of the MEN1 gene have also been described in sporadic tumors like gastrinomas, insulinomas and bronchial carcinoid neoplasm. We examined exon 2 of this gene, where most of the mutations have been described, in 148 endocrine and nonendocrine sporadic tumors. DNA was obtained by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation from 92 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, and from 40 fresh tumor tissue samples. We used 5 pairs of primers to encompass the complete coding sequence of exon 2 of the MEN1 gene that was screened by the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 78 sporadic thyroid cancers: 28 follicular adenomas, 35 papillary carcinomas, 14 follicular carcinomas, and 1 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. We also examined 46 adrenal lesions (3 hyperplasias, 3 adenomas and 35 adrenocortical carcinomas, 2 pheochromocytomas, 2 ganglioneuroblastomas, and 1 lymphoma) and 24 breast cancers (6 noninvasive, 16 infiltrating ductal, and 2 invasive lobular tumors). The PCR product of 5 tumors suspected to present band shifts by SSCP was cloned. Direct sense and antisense sequencing did not identify mutations. These results suggest that the MEN1 gene is not important in breast, thyroid or adrenal sporadic tumorigenesis. Because the frequency of mutations varies significantly among tumor subgroups and allelic deletions are frequently observed at 11q13 in thyroid and adrenal cancers, another tumor suppressor gene residing in this region is likely to be involved in the tumorigenesis of these neoplasms.
Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Éxons/genética , Mutação/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita SimplesRESUMO
In addition to the mutations that underlie most cases of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome, somatic mutations of the MEN1 gene have also been described in sporadic tumors like gastrinomas, insulinomas and bronchial carcinoid neoplasm. We examined exon 2 of this gene, where most of the mutations have been described, in 148 endocrine and nonendocrine sporadic tumors. DNA was obtained by phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation from 92 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, and from 40 fresh tumor tissue samples. We used 5 pairs of primers to encompass the complete coding sequence of exon 2 of the MEN1 gene that was screened by the polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 78 sporadic thyroid cancers: 28 follicular adenomas, 35 papillary carcinomas, 14 follicular carcinomas, and 1 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. We also examined 46 adrenal lesions (3 hyperplasias, 3 adenomas and 35 adrenocortical carcinomas, 2 pheochromocytomas, 2 ganglioneuroblastomas, and 1 lymphoma) and 24 breast cancers (6 noninvasive, 16 infiltrating ductal, and 2 invasive lobular tumors). The PCR product of 5 tumors suspected to present band shifts by SSCP was cloned. Direct sense and antisense sequencing did not identify mutations. These results suggest that the MEN1 gene is not important in breast, thyroid or adrenal sporadic tumorigenesis. Because the frequency of mutations varies significantly among tumor subgroups and allelic deletions are frequently observed at 11q13 in thyroid and adrenal cancers, another tumor suppressor gene residing in this region is likely to be involved in the tumorigenesis of these neoplasms