[Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure brings benefits after myocardial revascularization].

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have higher risk to develop pulmonary complications (PCs) such as atelectasis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. These complications could increase the length of hospital stay, resources utilization and also are associated with reduced quality of life and functional capacity a long term. OBJECTIVE: To test if the use of incentive spirometry (IS) associated with expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), after CABG surgery improves dyspnea, effort perceived and quality of life 18 months after CABG. METHODS: Sixteen patients submitted to a CABG, were randomized to a control group (n=8) or IS+EPAP group (n=8). The protocol of IS+EPAP was applied in the immediate postoperative period and following for more 4 weeks in the patient's home. Eighteen months after CABG, the strength of the respiratory muscle, the functional capacity, the lung function, the quality of life and the level of physical activity were evaluated. RESULTS: After six minute walk test (6-MWT), the score of the dyspnea (1.6+/-0.6 vs 0.6+/-0.3, P<0.05) and the perceived effort (13.4+/-1.2 vs 9.1+/-0.7, P<0.05) were higher in the control group, when compared with the IS+EPAP group. In quality of life evaluation, the domain related to the physical aspects limitations was better in IS+EPAP group (93.7+/-4.1 vs 50+/-17, P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients that were submitted to IS+EPAP present reduction of dyspnea and lower effort sensation after the 6-MWT, and also a better quality of life 18 months after CABG.

Espirometria de incentivo com pressão positiva expiratória é benéfica após revascularização miocardio / Espirometría incentivada con presión positiva espiratoria es beneficiosa después de revascularización de miocardio / Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure brings benefits after myocardial revascularization

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes que são submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM) apresentam risco maior para desenvolver complicações pulmonares, como atelectasias, pneumonia e derrame pleural. Estas complicações podem aumentar o tempo de internação hospitalar, a necessidade de recursos financeiros e também se associam com a redução da qualidade de vida e da capacidade funcional a longo prazo. OBJETIVO: Testar se o uso de espirometria de incentivo (EI) associada com pressão positiva expiratória na via aérea (EPAP), após CRM melhora a dispneia, a sensação de esforço percebido e a qualidade de vida 18 meses após a CRM. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis pacientes submetidos a CRM foram randomizados para o grupo controle (n=8) ou para o grupo EI+EPAP (n=8). O protocolo de EI+EPAP foi realizado no período pós-operatório imediato e durante mais 4 semanas no domicílio. Dezoito meses após a CRM foram avaliadas a força da musculatura respiratória, a capacidade funcional, a função pulmonar, a qualidade de vida e o nível de atividade física. RESULTADOS: Após o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), o escore para dispneia (1,6±0,6 vs 0,6±0,3, P<0,05) e a sensação de esforço (13,4±1,2 vs 9,1±0,7, P<0,05) foram maiores no grupo controle comparado com o grupo EI+EPAP. Na avaliação da qualidade de vida, o domínio relacionado às limitações nos aspectos físicos foi melhor no grupo EI+EPAP (93,7±4,1 vs 50±17, P<0,02). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes que realizam EI+EPAP apresentam menos dispneia e menor sensação de esforço após o TC6 e também melhor qualidade de vida 18 meses após a CRM.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have higher risk to develop pulmonary complications (PCs) such as atelectasis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. These complications could increase the length of hospital stay, resources utilization and also are associated with reduced quality of life and functional capacity a long term. OBJECTIVE: To test if the use of incentive spirometry (IS) associated with expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), after CABG surgery improves dyspnea, effort perceived and quality of life 18 months after CABG. METHODS: Sixteen patients submitted to a CABG, were randomized to a control group (n=8) or IS+EPAP group (n=8). The protocol of IS+EPAP was applied in the immediate postoperative period and following for more 4 weeks in the patient's home. Eighteen months after CABG, the strength of the respiratory muscle, the functional capacity, the lung function, the quality of life and the level of physical activity were evaluated. RESULTS: After six minute walk test (6-MWT), the score of the dyspnea (1.6±0.6 vs 0.6±0.3, P<0.05) and the perceived effort (13.4±1.2 vs 9.1±0.7, P<0.05) were higher in the control group, when compared with the IS+EPAP group. In quality of life evaluation, the domain related to the physical aspects limitations was better in IS+EPAP group (93.7±4.1 vs 50±17, P<0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients that were submitted to IS+EPAP present reduction of dyspnea and lower effort sensation after the 6-MWT, and also a better quality of life 18 months after CABG.

FUNDAMENTO: Pacientes que son sometidos a cirugía de revascularización del miocardio (CRM) presenta mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones pulmonares, como atelectasias, neumonía y derrame pleural. Estas complicaciones pueden aumentar el tiempo de internación hospitalaria, la necesidad de recursos financieros y también se asocian con la reducción de la calidad de vida y de la capacidad funcional a largo plazo. OBJETIVO: Probar si el uso de espirometría incentivada (EI) asociada con presión positiva espiratoria en la vía aérea (EPAP), después de la CRM mejora la disnea, la sensación de esfuerzo percibido y la calidad de vida 18 meses después de la CRM. MÉTODOS: Dieciocho pacientes sometidos a CRM fueron aleatorizados para el grupo control (n=8) o para el grupo EI+EPAP (n=8). El protocolo de EI+EPAP se realizó en el período postoperatorio inmediato y durante 4 semanas más en domicilio. Dieciocho meses después de la CRM se evaluaron la fuerza de la musculatura respiratoria, la capacidad funcional, la función pulmonar, la calidad de vida y el nivel de actividad física. RESULTADOS: Después del test de caminata de seis minutos (TC6), el score para disnea (1,6 ± 0,6 vs 0,6 ± 0,3, P < 0,05) y la sensación de esfuerzo (13,4 ± 1,2 vs 9,1 ± 0,7, P < 0,05) fueron mayores en el grupo control comparado con el grupo EI+EPAP. En la evaluación de la calidad de vida, el dominio relacionado con las limitaciones en los aspectos físicos fue mejor en el grupo EI+EPAP (93,7 ± 4,1 vs 50 ± 17, P < 0,02). CONCLUSIÓN: Pacientes que realizan EI+EPAP presentan menos disnea y menor sensación de esfuerzo después del TC6 y también mejor calidad de vida 18 meses después de la CRM.

Incentive spirometry with expiratory positive airway pressure reduces pulmonary complications, improves pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: The use of the incentive spirometry (IS) with expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is not well established. This study sought to determine the effects of IS+EPAP after CABG. METHODS: Thirty-four patients undergoing CABG were randomly assigned to a control group or IS+EPAP group. Maximal respiratory pressures, pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test and chest x-ray were performed at baseline as well as 1 week and 1 month after CABG. RESULTS: Maximal inspiratory pressure was significantly higher in the IS+EPAP group compared to controls at both 1 week and 1 month (P<.001). Maximal expiratory pressure was significantly higher at 1 month compared to 1 week in IS+EPAP group (P<.01). At 1 month, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was significantly higher in IS+EPAP compared to controls (P<.05). Inspiratory capacity was higher at 1 month in IS+EPAP group compared to controls (P<.05). The distance walked in 6-minute walk test was higher at 1 month in IS+EPAP group (P<.001) compared to controls. Lastly, radiological injury score at 1 week was lower in IS+EPAP compared to controls (P<.004). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing CABG, IS+EPAP results in improved pulmonary function and 6-minute walk distance as well as a reduction in PPC.