Aumento de coroa clínica: reparação do desequilíbrio dentogengival com finalidade estética / Clinical crow augmentum: repair of the dentogengival imbalance with aesthetic purpose

O anseio por um sorriso harmônico tem se tornado cada vez maior, uma vez que muitos pacientes relatam desconforto ao sorrir, pois correlacionam a estética do sorriso a problemas de baixa autoestima e em alguns casos suscetibilidade a alterações psicossociais decorrente aos padrões estéticos impostos pela sociedade. O sorriso gengival é uma das grandes queixas relatadas por pacientes. A exposição excessiva de gengiva maxilar pode ser decorrente a fatores gengivais, ósseos, dentários e musculares. Dentre os tratamentos disponíveis para diminuir essa exposição, contamos com cirurgias periodontais, aplicação de toxina botulínica, tratamentos ortodônticos, cirurgia ortognática e reposicionamento labial. O tratamento adequado será definido de acordo com o fator etiológico de cada caso. Diante disso o objetivo do trabalho é realizar um relato de caso sobre aumento de coroa clínica estética. A paciente estava descontente com a exibição de uma grande quantidade gengival ao sorrir. Após estudos clínicos e de imagem o diagnóstico foi de erupção passiva alterada, tipo IB. O tratamento de escolha foi a gengivoplastia associada a remodelação óssea osteotomia e osteoplastia. O tratamento estético vai além de uma boa aparência, através deste trabalho, foi possível evidenciar impactos benéficos que o sorriso harmônico pode acarretar na vida do indivíduo, atendendo suas expectativas e a do cirurgião-dentista(AU)

The desire for a harmonic smile has become increasing, since many patients report discomfort when smiling, as they correlate smile aesthetics to problems of low self-esteem and in some cases susceptibility to psychosocial changes due to aesthetic standards imposed by society. Gummy smile is one of the major complaints reported by patients. Excessive exposure of the maxillary gingiva may be due to gingival, bone, dental and muscular factors. Among the treatments available to reduce this exposure, we have periodontal surgeries, botulinum toxin application, orthodontic treatments, orthognathic surgery and lip repositioning. The appropriate treatment will be defined according to the etiological factor of each case. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a case report on aesthetic clinical crown augmentation. Patient discount with the display of a large amount of gingival when smiling. After clinical and imaging studies, the diagnosis was an altered passive eruption, type IB. The treatment of choice was gingivoplasty associated with bone remodeling, osteotomy and osteoplasty. Final comments and conclusions: The aesthetic treatment goes beyond a good appearance, through this work, it was possible to evidence beneficial impacts that the harmonic smile can have on the individual's life, meeting their expectations and that of the dentist(AU)

Bioactive cellulose acetate nanofiber loaded with annatto support skeletal muscle cell attachment and proliferation.

Electrospinning emerged as a promising technique to produce scaffolds for cultivated meat in function of its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biocompatible and low-cost material that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Here we investigated CA nanofibers, associated or not with a bioactive annatto extract (CA@A), a food-dye, as potential scaffolds for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering. The obtained CA nanofibers were evaluated concerning its physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and biological traits. UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements confirmed the annatto extract incorporation into the CA nanofibers and the surface wettability of both scaffolds, respectively. SEM images revealed that the scaffolds are porous, containing fibers with no specific alignment. Compared with the pure CA nanofibers, CA@A nanofibers showed increased fiber diameter (420 ± 212 nm vs. 284 ± 130 nm). Mechanical properties revealed that the annatto extract induces a reduction of the stiffness of the scaffold. Molecular analyses revealed that while CA scaffold favored C2C12 myoblast differentiation, the annatto-loaded CA scaffold favored a proliferative state of these cells. These results suggest that the combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle cells culture with potential application as scaffold for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering.

Morphological changes in leukocytes of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection patients, Amazon, Brazil / Alterações morfológicas em leucócitos de pacientes com infecção aguda por SARS-CoV-2, Amazônia, Brasil

Introduction: The pandemic for the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) brought many uncertainties about which laboratory parameters would be most suitable during the evolution of COVID 19. Objectives: Correlate the results of the blood count (BC), the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/LR), the C-reactive protein (CRP) and morphological findings of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection through Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time (RT-PCR) in a private laboratory in Belém, Pará, from March to September 2020. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study with 30 individuals, of both sexes, any age and clinical complaint, of home or hospital origin who underwent BC, CRP and RT-PCR for COVID 19 until the 8th day of infection. Morphological changes were analyzed after selecting the slides for these patients. Results: Sample composed of 15 men and 15 women, aged between 7 and 92 years. Of these 12/30 individuals were at home and 18/30 were hospitalized. The main complaints were fever, malaise, diarrhea and respiratory distress. The statistical study showed a direct dependency relationship between increases in N/LR, CRP and the need for hospitalization (p = 0.0005). Morphological analysis showed hyposegmented neutrophils with toxic granulations, vacuolated monocytes, and reactive lymphocytes with basophilic cytoplasm. Conclusion: Our results associate intermediate and elevated levels of N/LR with increased CRP and disease severity, however, unrelated to the morphological findings in neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes that were common to all patients diagnosed up to the 8th day of infection (AU)

Introdução: A pandemia pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) trouxe muitas incertezas sobre quais parâmetros laboratoriais seriam mais adequados durante a evolução da COVID 19. Objetivos: Correlacionar os resultados do hemograma (HGM), da relação neutrófilos/linfócitos (R N/L), da proteína C reativa (PCR) e dos achados morfológicos de indivíduos diagnosticados com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 através de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (RT-PCR) em um laboratório particular de Belém, Pará, no período de março a setembro de 2020. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 30 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, qualquer idade e queixa clínica, de origem domiciliar ou hospitalar que realizaram HGM, PCR e RT-PCR para COVID 19 até o 8o dia de infecção. As alterações morfológicas foram analisadas após a seleção das lâminas desses pacientes. Resultados:Amostra composta por 15 homens e 15 mulheres, com idades entre 7 e 92 anos. Desses, 12/30 indivíduos estavam em domicílio e 18/30 internados. As principais queixas foram febre, mal-estar geral, diarreia e desconforto respiratório. O estudo estatístico mostrou a existência de relação de dependência direta entre os aumentos da R N/L, PCR e necessidade de internação (p=0,0005). A análise morfológica mostrou neutrófilos hipossegmentados com granulações tóxicas, monócitos vacuolizados e linfócitos reativos com citoplasma basofílico. Conclusão: Nossos resultados associam os níveis intermediários e elevados da R N/L com o aumento de PCR e a gravidade da doença, porém, sem relação com os achados morfológicos em neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos que foram comuns a todos os pacientes diagnosticados até o 8o dia de infecção

Morphological changes in leukocytes of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection patients, Amazon, Brazil / Alterações morfológicas em leucócitos de pacientes com infecção aguda por SARS-CoV-2, Amazônia, Brasil

RESUMO: Introdução: A pandemia pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) trouxe muitas incertezas sobre quais parâmetros laboratoriais seriam mais adequados durante a evolução da COVID 19. Objetivos: Correlacionar os resultados do hemograma (HGM), da relação neutrófilos/linfócitos (R N/L), da proteína C reativa (PCR) e dos achados morfológicos de indivíduos diagnosticados com infecção por SARS-CoV-2 através de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (RT-PCR) em um laboratório particular de Belém, Pará, no período de março a setembro de 2020. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 30 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, qualquer idade e queixa clínica, de origem domiciliar ou hospitalar que realizaram HGM, PCR e RT-PCR para COVID 19 até o 8o dia de infecção. As alterações morfológicas foram analisadas após a seleção das lâminas desses pacientes. Resultados:Amostra composta por 15 homens e 15 mulheres, com idades entre 7 e 92 anos. Desses, 12/30 indivíduos estavam em domicílio e 18/30 internados. As principais queixas foram febre, mal-estar geral, diarreia e desconforto respiratório. O estudo estatístico mostrou a existência de relação de dependência direta entre os aumentos da R N/L, PCR e necessidade de internação (p=0,0005). A análise morfológica mostrou neutrófilos hipossegmentados com granulações tóxicas, monócitos vacuolizados e linfócitos reativos com citoplasma basofílico. Conclusão: Nossos resultados associam os níveis intermediários e elevados da R N/L com o aumento de PCR e a gravidade da doença, porém, sem relação com os achados morfológicos em neutrófilos, linfócitos e monócitos que foram comuns a todos os pacientes diagnosticados até o 8o dia de infecção. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Morphological changes in leukocytes of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection patients, Amazon, BrazilORIGINAL ARTICLEIntroduction: The pandemic for the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) brought many uncertainties about which laboratory parameters would be most suitable during the evolution of COVID 19. Objectives: Correlate the results of the blood count (BC), the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/LR), the C-reactive protein (CRP) and morphological findings of individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection through Polymerase Chain Reaction in Real Time (RT-PCR) in a private laboratory in Belém, Pará, from March to September 2020. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study with 30 individuals, of both sexes, any age and clinical complaint, of home or hospital origin who underwent BC, CRP and RT-PCR for COVID 19 until the 8th day of infection. Morphological changes were analyzed after selecting the slides for these patients. Results: Sample composed of 15 men and 15 women, aged between 7 and 92 years. Of these 12/30 individuals were at home and 18/30 were hospitalized. The main complaints were fever, malaise, diarrhea and respiratory distress. The statistical study showed a direct dependency relationship between increases in N/LR, CRP and the need for hospitalization (p = 0.0005). Morphological analysis showed hyposegmented neutrophils with toxic granulations, vacuolated monocytes, and reactive lymphocytes with basophilic cytoplasm. Conclusion: Our results associate intermediate and elevated levels of N/LR with increased CRP and disease severity, however, unrelated to the morphological findings in neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes that were common to all patients diagnosed up to the 8th day of infection. (AU)

Kennard-Stone method outperforms the random sampling in the selection of calibration samples in SNPs and NIR data / Método Kennard-Stone supera a amostragem aleatória na seleção de amostras de calibração em dados SNPs e NIR

ABSTRACT: Splitting the whole dataset into training and testing subsets is a crucial part of optimizing models. This study evaluated the influence of the choice of the training subset in the construction of predictive models, as well as on their validation. For this purpose we assessed the Kennard-Stone (KS) and the Random Sampling (RS) methods in near-infrared spectroscopy data (NIR) and marker data SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). It is worth noting that in SNPs data, there is no knowledge of reports in the literature regarding the use of the KS method. For the construction and validation of the models, the partial least squares (PLS) estimation method and the Bayesian Lasso (BLASSO) proved to be more efficient for NIR data and for marker data SNPs, respectively. The evaluation of the predictive capacity of the models obtained after the data partition occurred through the correlation between the predicted and the observed values, and the corresponding square root of the mean squared error of prediction. For both datasets, results indicated that the results from KS and RS methods differ statistically from each other by the F test (P-value < 0.01). The KS method showed to be more efficient than RS in practically all repetitions. Also, KS method has the advantage of being easy and fast to be applied and also to select the same samples, which provides excellent benefits in the following analyses.

RESUMO: A divisão de subconjuntos de treinamento e teste é parte fundamental da otimização de modelos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da escolha do subconjunto de treinamento na construção dos modelos, bem como sua validação. Os métodos Kennard-Stone (KS) e a amostragem aleatória (AA) foram avaliados em dados de espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) e em dados de marcadores SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms). Vale destacar, que em dados SNPs, não há conhecimento de relatos na literatura a respeito da utilização do método KS. Para a construção e validação dos modelos, o método de estimação dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) e Lasso bayesiano (BLASSO) mostraram-se mais eficientes para os dados NIR e para os dados SNPs, respetivamente. A avaliação da capacidade preditiva dos modelos obtidos após a partição dos dados ocorreu por meio da correlação entre os valores preditos e os valores reais, e da raiz quadrada do erro quadrático médio de predição. Para ambos os conjuntos de dados, os resultados indicam que os métodos KS e AA diferem estatisticamente entre si pelo teste F (valor P < 0.01), com o KS mais eficiente do que o AA em praticamente todas as repetições. Além disso, o método KS possui a vantagem de ser fácil e rápido de ser aplicado e também de selecionar sempre as mesmas amostras, o que proporciona grandes benefícios em futuras análises.

Validation of the mindray BC6000 hematology analyzer for erythroblast counting in peripheral blood / Validação do analisador hematológico Mindray BC6000 para a contagem de eritroblastos em sangue periférico

ABSTRACT Introduction Differential counting of erythroblasts in blood samples by hematology analyzers still has limitations. Technological advances in blood count equipment have proposed the fully automated counting of these cells, however, not without its validation. Objective Validate the automated count of erythroblasts in peripheral blood in the Mindray BC6000 hematology analyzer and verify the existence of correlation of the maturation stages of erythroblasts with the equipment's graphics. Material and Methods Prospective study with peripheral blood samples from the Clinical Pathology Laboratory Dr Paulo C. Azevedo, regardless of age and gender, to validate the erythroblast count in the Mindray BC6000 hematology analyzer compared to the manual method (gold standard), in the period of June 2019 to December 2020. Results Seventeen peripheral blood samples were analyzed from newborns (09/17 - 52.3%) and from patients older than 2 years (08/17 - 47.7%) who had more than 18% of erythroblasts after morphological analysis of the sample. Statistical analysis of erythroblast counts by the two methodologies showed that the Mindray BC6000 hematological counter has good reproducibility, precision and linearity. There was no correlation between the maturation stages of erythroblasts and the equipment graphics. Conclusion The proposed validation showed that the Mindray BC6000 hematological counter has good analytical performance for counting erythroblasts in peripheral blood. However, there is no correlation between the maturation stages of erythroblasts with the graphics generated by the equipment.

RESUMO Introdução A contagem diferencial de eritroblastos em amostras de sangue por analisadores de hematologia ainda apresenta limitações. Os avanços tecnológicos nos equipamentos de hemograma têm proposto a contagem totalmente automatizada dessas células, porém, não sem sua validação. Objetivo Validar a contagem automatizada de eritroblastos no sangue periférico no analisador hematológico Mindray BC6000 e verificar a existência de correlação dos estágios de maturação dos eritroblastos com os gráficos do equipamento. Material e Métodos Estudo prospectivo com amostras de sangue periférico do Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Dr. Paulo C. Azevedo, independente de idade e sexo, para validação da contagem de eritroblastos no analisador hematológico Mindray BC6000 em comparação ao método manual (padrão ouro), no período de junho de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. Resultados Foram analisadas 17 amostras de sangue periférico de recém-nascidos (17/09 - 52,3%) e de pacientes maiores de 2 anos (17/08 - 47,7%) que apresentavam mais de 18% de eritroblastos após análise morfológica da amostra. A análise estatística das contagens de eritroblastos pelas duas metodologias mostrou que o contador hematológico Mindray BC6000 tem boa reprodutibilidade, precisão e linearidade. Não houve correlação entre os estágios de maturação dos eritroblastos e os gráficos do equipamento. Conclusão A validação proposta mostrou que o contador hematológico Mindray BC6000 apresenta bom desempenho analítico para contagem de eritroblastos em sangue periférico. Porém, não há correlação entre os estágios de maturação dos eritroblastos com os gráficos gerados pelo equipamento.

Peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns: association of number of punctures, vein, and tip positioning.

OBJECTIVE: to assess the use of peripherally inserted central catheters regarding the neonate's profile, indications for use, and catheterized vein; the relation between the number of puncture attempts and vein; and assessment of the catheter tip position. METHOD: documentary, descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study, developed in a tertiary maternity hospital in Ceará. A total of 3,005 PICC insertion formularies was included and 1,583 were excluded due to incomplete data, with a convenience sampling of 1,422 insertions being obtained. RESULTS: There were 1,200 (84.4%) newborns with gestational age below 37 weeks; 781 (54.9%) males; Apgar score above 7 in the first (628-44.2%) and fifth minutes (1,085-76.3%); and weight between 1,000 and 1,499 grams on the day of insertion (417-29.3%). Antibiotic therapy had 1,155-53.8% indications for insertion; the basilic was the most used vein (485-34.1%); basilic and cephalic veins had lower median puncture attempts and 1,124-79% insertions were centrally positioned. CONCLUSION: The results of this research highlight the continuous need to improve technical-scientific knowledge to qualify actions in neonatology.

Comparing the use of silicone and polyurethane Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in newborns: A retrospective study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare polyurethane and silicone peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in newborns regarding the success rates of insertion and duration and the reasons for nonelective removal. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have attempted to identify predictors of PICC complications in newborns, such as lower extremity insertion or femoral catheter insertion, procedures that require 60 minutes or more, duration longer than 30 days and non-central position of the catheter tip. However, there is little evidence on which type of PICC material causes less complications, especially in newborns. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort, guided by the STROBE tool. METHODS: We divided the newborns into two groups according to the type of PICC material: polyurethane and silicone. Our sample was composed of 449 PICCs, of which 246 polyurethane PICCs and 203 silicone PICCs, inserted in 294 newborns. Bivariate analysis was performed for data comparison. All statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were included in the logistic regression (p ≤ .05). RESULTS: Of the 449 PICCs that we analysed, the central position of the catheter tip predominated for both types of materials, with a higher prevalence of false passage for the polyurethane group. There was no difference between the average duration. The incidence of nonelective PICC removal was 49.27% for the silicone group, and infiltration/extravasation and rupture were among the reasons for nonelective removal. CONCLUSION: The overall success rates in the insertion and duration of the PICC were almost identical for both types of material, despite the high incidence of false passage for polyurethane PICCs. Nonelective removals were higher for silicone PICCs, which also had a higher incidence for infiltration/extravasation and rupture. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Can contribute to the knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of polyurethane and silicone PICCs, with a view to reduce the incidence of nonelective removals.

Impact of oocyte donor age and breed on in vitro embryo production in cattle, and relationship of dairy and beef embryo recipients on pregnancy and the subsequent performance of offspring: A review.

Genomic selection combined with in vitro embryo production (IVEP) with oocytes from heifer calves provides a powerful technology platform to reduce generation interval and significantly increase the rate of genetic gain in cattle. The ability to obtain oocytes with developmental competence from calves has been recognised for more than 60years. There is renewed interest in the potential of this reproductive technology as the beef and dairy industries seek to identify and multiply animals that satisfy consumer demand for efficient utilisation of natural resources, with minimal environmental impact and high product quality. Heifer calves show a good follicular response to FSH stimulation and oocytes can be recovered by ovum pick-up (OPU). However, the efficiency of OPU/IVEP remains lower for calves compared with peripubertal heifers and cows, in both indicus (Zebu, Bos indicus ) and taurus (Bos taurus ) breeds. Indicus cattle generally have more follicles, yield a greater number of oocytes, and have a better IVEP outcome, compared with taurus cattle. The treatment of prepubertal heifers with bovine somatotrophin (bST) and propylene glycol before OPU/IVEP has yet to show a major improvement in embryo production. Holstein (taurus) dairy heifers derived from different reproductive technologies (AI, MOET, OPU/IVEP) showed a similar age at puberty and first-lactation milk production. OPU/IVEP Holstein embryos transferred to beef or dairy cows likewise yielded heifers with the same performance. The gains in productivity that can be achieved with strategic use of OPU/IVEP in heifer calves make this a relevant and highly important reproductive technology in cattle breeding. Ongoing optimisation of the technology is needed for the potential of OPU/IVEP in young donors to be fully realised.

Cellulose acetate nanofibers loaded with crude annatto extract: Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation for potential wound healing applications.

In this study we prepared annatto-loaded cellulose acetate nanofiber scaffolds and evaluated both in vitro cytotoxicity and potential for wound healing in a rat model. Annatto extract, which has been used to accelerate wound healing, was added to cellulose acetate polymer and the resulting material was used to produce nanofiber scaffolds via electrospinning. Physicochemical, and thermal evaluation of the resulting nanofiber mats showed that incorporating annatto did not significantly affect the thermal or chemical stability of the polymer. Annatto extract did not demonstrate cytotoxicity in the HET-CAM assay or MTT assay for fibroblast culture. Scanning electron microscopy of the fibroblasts confirmed that cells spread and penetrated into the nanofiber. In vivo experiments confirmed that cellulose acetate retained its biocompatibility when associated with crude annatto extract, and suggested that dose/response modulation occurs between the annatto-functionalized nanofibers and mast cells, indicating the potential of this material for wound healing applications.

Análise da taxa de cesarianas: estudo comparativo entre duas maternidades públicas no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Cesarean section rate analysis: comparative study between two public maternity hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Objetivo: Comparar a taxa de cesarianas em duas maternidades públicas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, denominadas Maternidades A e B. Métodos: Foram extraídos das Declarações de Nascido Vivo (DNVs) dados sobre partos ocorridos no período de agosto a outubro de 2018, sendo realizada a classificação deles nos grupos de Robson. Foi possível identificar as características da população atendida e os grupos de maior representatividade que contribuíram para a taxa de cesarianas. Resultados: A idade média geral das puérperas em estudo foi de 25,7 anos. Verificou-se que ambas as maternidades apresentam taxas de cesarianas elevadas (a Maternidade A apresentou 46,4% e a Maternidade B, 34,4%), sendo a taxa geral do estudo de 40,1%. Analisando as características da população de ambas as maternidades, a maioria atendida na Maternidade A é representada por nulíparas com feto único e a termo (grupo 2 = 21,1%), e a Maternidade B é representada, em sua maioria, por multíparas, sem cesárea prévia, com feto único e a termo (grupo 3 = 22,9%). O grupo 2 foi o que mais contribuiu para a taxa geral de cesariana em ambas as maternidades, após o grupo de pacientes com pelo menos uma cesárea prévia (grupo 5), sendo 26% na Maternidade A e 33,1% na Maternidade B. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que ambas as maternidades em estudo apresentaram taxas de cesarianas menores que a nacional, porém muito acima do recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Ambas apresentaram valores consideráveis de preenchimento inadequado das DNVs.(AU)

Objective: To compare the cesarean section rate in two public maternity hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, called maternity hospitals A and B. Methods: Data from Certificates of Live Births (DNVs) occurred during the period from August to October 2018 were extracted and their classification was performed in Robson's groups. Through this classification it was possible to identify the characteristics of the population served and the most representative groups that contributed to the cesarean section rate. Results: The overall average age of the puerperal women under study was 25.7 years. Both maternities showed higher caesarean section rates (Maternity A had a rate of 46.4% and Maternity B 34.4%), with the overall study rate of 40.1%. Analyzing the characteristics of the population of both maternities, the majority attended at Maternity A is represented by nulliparous women with single and full-term fetuses (group 2 = 21.1%), and Maternity B is mostly represented by multiparous women, without previous cesarean section, with single and full-term fetus (group 3 = 22.9%). It was group 2 that most contributed to the overall cesarean section rate after the group of patients with at least one previous cesarean section (group 5), being 26% in Maternity A and 33.1% in Maternity B. Conclusion: It was concluded that both maternity hospitals under study had caesarean section rates lower than the national rate, but much higher than recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, both presented considerable values of inadequate filling of DNVs.(AU)

Genome-Scale Characterization of Fungal Phytases and a Comparative Study Between Beta-Propeller Phytases and Histidine Acid Phosphatases.

This work intended to prospect new phytase-producing organisms. In silico genomic analyses allowed the selection of twelve potential phytase-producing fungi. Based on gene sequence, it was possible to identify four well-defined groups of phytate-degrading enzymes: esterase-like, ß-propeller phytases (ßPP), phosphoglycerate mutase-like, and phytases of the histidine acid phosphatases (HAP) family. Analysis of the predicted genes encoding phytases belonging to the HAP family and ßPP phytases and in silico characterization of these enzymes indicated divergence among the catalytic activities. Predicted fungal ßPP phytases exhibited higher molecular mass (around 77 kDa) probably due to the epidermal growth factor-like domain. Twelve sequences of phytases contained signal peptides, of which seven were classified as HAP and five as ßPP phytases, while ten sequences were predicted as phytases secreted by non-classical pathways. These fungi were grown in liquid or semi-solid medium, and the fungal enzymatic extracts were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyze sodium phytate at 50 °C and pH ranging from 2.0 to 9.0. Seven fungi were identified as phytase producers based on phosphate release under enzyme assay conditions. Results obtained from in silico analyses combining experimental enzymatic activities suggest that some selected fungi could secrete ßPP phytases and HAP phytases.

Effect of temperature and vector nutrition on the development and multiplication of Trypanosoma rangeli in Rhodnius prolixus.

Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan parasite that infects mammals and triatomines, causing different levels of pathogenicity in its invertebrate vectors, particularly those from the genus Rhodnius. We have recently shown that temperature can modulate T. rangeli growth during in vitro culture, as well as its in vivo pathogenicity to R. prolixus. In the present study, we investigated colonization of R. prolixus by T. rangeli and assessed the role of temperature and vector nutrition on parasite development and multiplication. We infected nymphs and either assessed parasite density in the first hours after the ingestion of the infected blood or maintained the nymphs for up to 60 days at different temperatures (21, 24, 27, and 30 °C) and under different blood-feeding schedules (either every 15 days, or on day 30 post infection only), with parasite development and multiplication measured on days 15, 30, and 60 post infection. In the first hours after ingesting infected blood, epimastigogenesis not only occurred in the anterior midgut, but a stable parasite population also established in this intestinal region. T. rangeli subsequently colonized all intestinal regions examined, but with fewer parasites being found in the rectum. The number of parasites was only affected by higher temperatures (27 and 30 °C) during the beginning of the infection (15 days post infection). Nutritional status of the vector also had a significant effect on parasite development, as reduced blood-feeding decreased infection rates by approximately 30%.

Fatores associados a uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida entre familiares cuidadores de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial / Factors associated with worst quality of life assessment among family caregivers of users from Psychosocial Care Centers

Resumo Introdução A identificação dos fatores associados a uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida dos familiares cuidadores em saúde mental pode constituir uma estratégia importante para o estabelecimento de ações de acompanhamento e de suporte desses sujeitos. Objetivo Este estudo buscou identificar quais os fatores associados a uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida entre 1.242 familiares cuidadores de usuários de 40 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) localizados no Sul do Brasil. Métodos Para análise, munindo-se de um modelo teórico hierarquizado, utilizou-se a regressão logística com o cálculo das razões de odds ajustadas. Resultados Os fatores associados a uma pior avaliação da qualidade de vida foram: escolaridade, facilidade de acesso aos CAPS, eficácia dos CAPS, apoio dos CAPS na sobrecarga, divisão das atividades do cuidado, problema de saúde, relação com a família e sentimento de sobrecarga. Conclusão Ao considerar a gama de aspectos relacionados ao serviço que estiveram associados ao desfecho, este estudo entende que os CAPS exercem um papel importante na vida dos familiares cuidadores a eles vinculados, influenciando significativamente em sua qualidade de vida.

Abstract Introduction The identification of the factors associated with a worse assessment of the quality of life among family caregivers in mental health can be an important strategy for establishing follow-up and support actions to the subjects. Objective This study aims to identify the factors associated with worse assessment of quality of life among 1242 family caregivers of users from 40 Psychosocial Care Centers located in southern Brazil. Methods We used a logistic regression analysis based in a hierarchical theoretical model to calculate the adjusted odds ratios. Results Factors associated with worse assessment of quality of life were: education; access the Psychosocial Care Center; effectiveness of Psychosocial Care Center; Psychosocial Care Center support in cases of burden; share of care activities; health problem; family relationship and feeling of burden. Conclusion Considering the range of issues related to service that were associated with the outcome, this study highlight the prospect that the Psychosocial Care Centers play an important role in the lives of family caregivers, significantly influencing their quality of life.

Rare α0-thalassemia deletions detected by MLPA in five unrelated Brazilian patients

Abstract Alpha-thalassemias are among the most common genetic diseases in the world. They are characterized by hypochromic and microcytic anemia and great clinical variability, ranging from a practically asymptomatic phenotype to severe anemia, which can lead to intrauterine or early neonatal death. Deletions affecting the α-globin genes, located on chromosome 16p13.3, are the main causes of α-thalassemia. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) can be used to detect rearrangements that cause α-thalassemia, particularly large deletions involving the whole α cluster and/or deletions in the HS-40 region. Here, MLPA was used to investigate the molecular basis of α-thalassemia in five unrelated patients, three of whom had Hb H disease. In addition to the -α3.7 deletion identified in the patients with Hb H disease, four different α0 deletions removing 15 to 225 kb DNA segments were found: two of them remove both the α genes, one affects only the regulatory element (HS-40) region, and another one extends over the entire α cluster and the HS-40 region. These results illustrate the diversity of α-thalassemia deletions in the Brazilian population and highlight the importance of molecular investigation in cases that present with microcytosis and hypochromia without iron deficiency and normal or reduced Hb A2 levels..

Rare α0-thalassemia deletions detected by MLPA in five unrelated Brazilian patients.

Alpha-thalassemias are among the most common genetic diseases in the world. They are characterized by hypochromic and microcytic anemia and great clinical variability, ranging from a practically asymptomatic phenotype to severe anemia, which can lead to intrauterine or early neonatal death. Deletions affecting the α-globin genes, located on chromosome 16p13.3, are the main causes of α-thalassemia. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) can be used to detect rearrangements that cause α-thalassemia, particularly large deletions involving the whole α cluster and/or deletions in the HS-40 region. Here, MLPA was used to investigate the molecular basis of α-thalassemia in five unrelated patients, three of whom had Hb H disease. In addition to the -α3.7 deletion identified in the patients with Hb H disease, four different α0 deletions removing 15 to 225 kb DNA segments were found: two of them remove both the α genes, one affects only the regulatory element (HS-40) region, and another one extends over the entire α cluster and the HS-40 region. These results illustrate the diversity of α-thalassemia deletions in the Brazilian population and highlight the importance of molecular investigation in cases that present with microcytosis and hypochromia without iron deficiency and normal or reduced Hb A2 levels..

Number of oocytes retrieved per donor during OPU and its relationship with in vitro embryo production and field fertility following embryo transfer

The association of OPU-IVEP is an important instrument to drive genetic progress. In vitro embryo production (IVEP) has remarkably expanded in the last decade compared to in vivo embryo production. Because of the high repeatability of oocyte retrieval within oocyte-donors, studies exploring the relationship between the number of oocytes recovered per OPU section with IVEP efficiency, as well as with field fertility (pregnancy results following embryo transfer; P/ET) are extremely important to guide cow-donor selection and optimize field reproduction efficiency and the herds genetic gain. Based on this rationale, our group conducted a retrospective analysis of a large database comprising IVEP records from several cattle breeds, including Bos indicus and Bos taurus for either beef or dairy purposes. A total of 205,140 oocytes recovered from 7,906 OPU procedures of 6,902 donors (5,227 beef and 1,675 dairy) of Brazilian farms were analyzed. Beef breeds analyzed were Nelore (Bos indicus) and Senepol (Bos taurus) and dairy breeds Were Gyr (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus). According to our analysis, the IVEP in beef cattle had a great improvement throughout the last years, with a remarkable increase in numbers of pregnancies per OPU compared to late 90s (averaging only 1 pregnancy per OPU in 1998 vs 2,4 in 2014). As for the distribution of oocytes retrieved, both Bos indicus beef (Nelore = 27.2) and dairy (Gyr = 23.8) breeds seem to yield greater average numbers of oocytes per OPU compared to Bos taurus (Senepol = 21.8; Holstein = 19.3).(AU)

Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil

Beef and dairy productivity depends directly on the reproductive efficiency and genetic gain of the herd, which can be related to the appropriate use of biotechnologies, such as timed artificial insemination (TAI). When considering variations in synchronizations protocols, longer or shorter periods of progesterone (P4) device treatment could provide benefits to fertility. However, our studies evidenced that protocols with six (J-synch), seven, eight and nine days of P4 device treatment had similar pregnancy per AI (P/AI). In cyclic cows, the early prostaglandin (PGF) administration, moving from the day of P4 device removal to two days earlier, which results in four handlings of cows, or the administration of one extra dose of PGF at the onset of the protocol and a single PGF on the day of P4 device removal (three handlings) are both efficient to induce early luteolysis, reducing serum P4 concentrations and, therefore, stimulating LH pulsatility, which improves growth of the dominant follicle and results greater P/AI when compared with protocols with the administration of PGF only on the day of P4 device removal. Resynchronization is another valuable tool to reduce the interval between AI. Traditional Resynch is initiated at pregnancy diagnosis (28 to 32 days after TAI) and the interval between AI is around 40 days; Resynch 22 and Resynch 14 respectively initiates 22 and 14 days after the previous AI in all cows (unknown status of pregnancy) and reduces the interval between AI to 32 and 24 days. The novelty about Resynch 14 is the need to use of Doppler ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis [evaluation of corpus luteum (CL) vascularization].(AU)

Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil

Beef and dairy productivity depends directly on the reproductive efficiency and genetic gain of the herd, which can be related to the appropriate use of biotechnologies, such as timed artificial insemination (TAI). When considering variations in synchronizations protocols, longer or shorter periods of progesterone (P4) device treatment could provide benefits to fertility. However, our studies evidenced that protocols with six (J-synch), seven, eight and nine days of P4 device treatment had similar pregnancy per AI (P/AI). In cyclic cows, the early prostaglandin (PGF) administration, moving from the day of P4 device removal to two days earlier, which results in four handlings of cows, or the administration of one extra dose of PGF at the onset of the protocol and a single PGF on the day of P4 device removal (three handlings) are both efficient to induce early luteolysis, reducing serum P4 concentrations and, therefore, stimulating LH pulsatility, which improves growth of the dominant follicle and results greater P/AI when compared with protocols with the administration of PGF only on the day of P4 device removal. Resynchronization is another valuable tool to reduce the interval between AI. Traditional Resynch is initiated at pregnancy diagnosis (28 to 32 days after TAI) and the interval between AI is around 40 days; Resynch 22 and Resynch 14 respectively initiates 22 and 14 days after the previous AI in all cows (unknown status of pregnancy) and reduces the interval between AI to 32 and 24 days. The novelty about Resynch 14 is the need to use of Doppler ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis [evaluation of corpus luteum (CL) vascularization].

Number of oocytes retrieved per donor during OPU and its relationship with in vitro embryo production and field fertility following embryo transfer

The association of OPU-IVEP is an important instrument to drive genetic progress. In vitro embryo production (IVEP) has remarkably expanded in the last decade compared to in vivo embryo production. Because of the high repeatability of oocyte retrieval within oocyte-donors, studies exploring the relationship between the number of oocytes recovered per OPU section with IVEP efficiency, as well as with field fertility (pregnancy results following embryo transfer; P/ET) are extremely important to guide cow-donor selection and optimize field reproduction efficiency and the herd’s genetic gain. Based on this rationale, our group conducted a retrospective analysis of a large database comprising IVEP records from several cattle breeds, including Bos indicus and Bos taurus for either beef or dairy purposes. A total of 205,140 oocytes recovered from 7,906 OPU procedures of 6,902 donors (5,227 beef and 1,675 dairy) of Brazilian farms were analyzed. Beef breeds analyzed were Nelore (Bos indicus) and Senepol (Bos taurus) and dairy breeds Were Gyr (Bos indicus) and Holstein (Bos taurus). According to our analysis, the IVEP in beef cattle had a great improvement throughout the last years, with a remarkable increase in numbers of pregnancies per OPU compared to late 90’s (averaging only 1 pregnancy per OPU in 1998 vs 2,4 in 2014). As for the distribution of oocytes retrieved, both Bos indicus beef (Nelore = 27.2) and dairy (Gyr = 23.8) breeds seem to yield greater average numbers of oocytes per OPU compared to Bos taurus (Senepol = 21.8; Holstein = 19.3).