Effects of training in physical fitness and body composition of the brazilian 5-a-side football team / Efectos del entrenamiento en la aptitud física y composición corporal de atletas de fútbol 5 de la selección brasileña

Objective. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of 16 weeks of training on the parameters of physical fitness and body composition in athletes of the Brazilian 5-a-side football team. Method. The sample consisted of six athletes - four outfield players with functional classification B1 and two goalkeepers without visual impairment -, all male, mean age of 27.33 ± 5.5 years. The athletes underwent two evaluations: before and after 16 weeks of training. We measured the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness through the 20m Shuttle Run and the anaerobic parameters through the Rast Test, while the subjects' body composition was assessed by anthropometric technique. Results. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) levels were found for VO2peak before (44.7 ± 4.7 ml.(Kg.min)-1) and after (50.3 ± 3.2ml.(Kg.min)-1), for anaerobic parameters of Medium Power before (442.8 ± 47W) and after (491 ± 72.9W), Low Power before (328.9 ± 26.7W) and after (405.4 ± 79.6W) and for fatigue index before (39.8 ± 10.3%) and after (29.2 ± 12.7%). Conclusion. The 16 weeks of training were enough to show significant improvements in the components of aerobic and anaerobic fitness of the Brazilian 5-a-side football team players; the same effect was not observed in the indicators of body composition(AU)

Objetivo. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar el efecto de 16 semanas de entrenamiento en los parámetros de la condición física y la composición corporal en atletas del equipo de fútbol 5 de la selección brasileña. Método. La muestra estuvo formada por seis atletas, cuatro jugadores de campo con la clasificación funcional B1 y dos porteros sin discapacidad visual, con una media de edad de 27,3 ± 5,5 años. Los atletas realizaron dos evaluaciones: antes y después de 16 semanas de entrenamiento. Se midieron los niveles de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria a través de la realización del test de Shuttle Run 20m y las variables anaeróbicas a través del Rast Test, mientras que la medición de la composición corporal de los sujetos se realizó mediante la técnica antropométrica doblemente indirecta. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p ≤ 0,05) entre los niveles de VO2pico previos (44,7 ± 4,7ml.(kg.min)-1) y posteriores al entrenamiento (50,3 ± 3,2ml.(Kg.min) -1). Los mismos resultados fueron observados en los valores de potencia media (pre = 442,8 ± 47W, post = 491 ± 72,9W), en la potencia mínima (pre = 328,9 ± 26,7W, post = 405,4 ± 79,6W) y en el índice de fatiga (pre = 39,8 ± 10,3 %, post = 29,2 ± 12,7 %). Conclusión. Las 16 semanas de entrenamiento fueron suficientes para demostrar mejoras significativas en la condición física de los jugadores del equipo de fútbol 5 de la selección brasileña, sin embargo, no se obtuvieron los mismos efectos en los indicadores de la composición corporal(AU)

Benefits of blackberry nectar (Rubus spp.) relative to hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation.

INTRODUCTION: In humans, the normal metabolic activity produces free radicals that constantly, along with other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the onset of degenerative diseases. Some bioactive compounds present in blackberry (Rubus spp.) have the ability to act as natural antioxidants can make the food to minimize effects on the body caused by reactive oxygen species. OBJECTIVE: This study verified the benefits of blackberry nectar through the quantification of triglycerides, total and fraction cholesterol HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL-cholesterol (low density lipoprotein), blood glucose and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. METHODS: Two groups were treated with hypercholesterolemic diets (0.1% cholesterol), one of them receiving an additional 5 mL of nectar daily, and a third (control group) treated only with a standard diet. In the blood the quantification of lipids, blood glucose and lipid peroxidation was performed. In the brain, liver and small intestine the lipid peroxidation was determined and in other organs, histopathological evaluations were carried out. RESULTS: The blackberry nectar reduced the triglycerides serum levels, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic hamsters, without influencing the HDL and blood glucose concentrations. A decrease in the initiation of lipid peroxidation reactions in the blood, brain and small intestine was also observed. Only the liver showed histopathological changes (steatosis), due to excess cholesterol, with no positive influence from the nectar.

Pharmacological and histopathological characterization of Bothrops lanceolatus (Fer de lance) venom-induced edema.

OBJECTIVE: Bothrops venoms cause local edema, pain, hemorrhage and necrosis. In this study, we investigated the ability of Bothrops lanceolatus venom to cause edema in rat hind paws and examined the mediators involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hind paw edema was induced in male Wister rats by the subplantar injection of venom (12.5-100 microg/paw) in the absence and presence of antagonists. Edema was quantified by hydroplethysmometry at 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h post-injection and was expressed as the percentage increase relative to the contralateral (control) paw. The ability of the venom to release histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells was also assessed. RESULTS: Venom caused dose- and time-dependent edema that was maximal within 15 min but disappeared after 24 h and was accompanied by hemorrhage. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), methysergide (6 mg/kg, i.p.), HOE 140 (0.6 mg/kg, i.v.) and mepyramine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced edema formation, whereas indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was ineffective. Dialysis did not affect venom-induced edema. Venom (1, 10 and 30 microg/ml) caused a concentration-dependent release of histamine (13 +/- 1%, 61.9 +/- 4.6% and 73.6 +/- 2.4%, respectively; n = 5) from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration. Pretreating the venom with EDTA partially inhibited the edema and hemorrhage, but did not affect the migration of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS: B. lanceolatus venom produced dose- and time-dependent edema in rat paws. This edema was not dependent on low molecular weight substances in the venom, but was partially dependent on a hemorrhagin and also involved the release of arachidonic acid metabolites, bradykinin, histamine and serotonin.