RESUMO
La microbiota es el conjunto de microorganismos que reside en nuestro cuerpo, que a su vez pueden diferenciarse según su comportamiento en comensales, mutualistas y patógenos. El conocimiento de este ecosistema se ha visto considerablemente incrementado tras la introducción de las técnicas de secuenciación masiva del gen 16S ARNr (gen ADNr 16S). Este avance ha supuesto una verdadera revolución en el conocimiento de la composición de la microbiota y de su implicación en los estados de salud y enfermedad del ser humano. En este documento se detallan los diferentes ecosistemas bacterianos que podemos encontrar en el cuerpo humano y las evidencias científicas que existen en relación con diferentes enfermedades. También se describe el procedimiento de transferencia de materia fecal, particularmente utilizado para el tratamiento de las recidivas de la diarrea por Clostridium difficile, y las bases metodológicas de las nuevas técnicas moleculares utilizadas en la caracterización de la microbiota
The human microbiota comprises all the microorganisms of our body, which can also be categorised as commensals, mutualists and pathogens according to their behaviour. Our knowledge of the human microbiota has considerably increased since the introduction of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (16S rDNA gene). This technological breakthrough has seen a revolution in the knowledge of the microbiota composition and its implications in human health. This article details the different human bacterial ecosystems and the scientific evidence of their involvement in different diseases. The faecal microbiota transplant procedure, particularly used to treat recurrent diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile, and the methodological bases of the new molecular techniques used to characterise microbiota are also described
Assuntos
Humanos , Microbiota/fisiologia , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal/métodos , Metagenoma , Técnicas de Tipagem BacterianaRESUMO
The human microbiota comprises all the microorganisms of our body, which can also be categorised as commensals, mutualists and pathogens according to their behaviour. Our knowledge of the human microbiota has considerably increased since the introduction of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (16S rDNA gene). This technological breakthrough has seen a revolution in the knowledge of the microbiota composition and its implications in human health. This article details the different human bacterial ecosystems and the scientific evidence of their involvement in different diseases. The faecal microbiota transplant procedure, particularly used to treat recurrent diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile, and the methodological bases of the new molecular techniques used to characterise microbiota are also described.
