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1.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(9): 590-594, nov. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4311

RESUMO

Objetivo. Medir la competencia clínica en atención primaria (AP). Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Seis equipos de AP de Barcelona. Participantes. Veinticinco médicos de familia voluntarios, de un total de 60. Mediciones y resultados principales. Se realizaron 3 visitas simuladas en 3 días diferentes, asignadas de forma aleatoria en la cita previa, relacionadas con la hipertensión arterial. Se midió la competencia clínica según los criterios de Miller, mediante un método que combina entrevista clínica con pacientes estandarizados (PE), auditoría de historias clínicas (HC) y autoevaluación del médico (AM) con preguntas abiertas de respuesta corta. Se evaluaron los siguientes componentes competenciales (CC): anamnesis, exploración física, exploraciones complementarias, diagnóstico diferencial, manejo, historia clínica y comunicación. Completaron el estudio 22 médicos. El peso de cada uno de los CC fue ponderado por un grupo de expertos, que consensuaron también dos niveles mínimos de competencia, el 50 y el 60 por ciento. La puntuación final de cada médico resulta del sumatorio de cada uno de los 3 casos, dividido por la puntuación máxima posible. Los valores obtenidos de los CC son siempre superiores con el método de los PE respecto a los otros métodos. Un 63,3 por ciento de los médicos superó el estándar 60, y el 90,9 por ciento el 50. La consistencia interna, medida con el test de alfa de Cronbach, es para cada uno de los casos clínicos de 0,94, 0,73 y 0,67, respectivamente. El test de kappa para la reproductividad es de 0,25. Conclusiones. La utilización del PE es un buen método para evaluar, al permitirnos valorar la anamnesis, el manejo del paciente, la exploración física y la comunicación. El estudio ofrece una elevada fiabilidad, con una reproductividad baja, que probablemente se deba a los pocos casos utilizados (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Competência Clínica , Simulação de Paciente , Exame Físico , Médicos de Família , Comunicação , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estudos Transversais , Anamnese , Hipertensão
2.
Aten Primaria ; 25(7): 469-74, 2000 Apr 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10851751

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To find the annual incidence and reasons for type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), and the methods used to diagnose it, on the basis of the validation of a computerised record for 1991-1995. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: Primary care centre. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 387 diabetics registered as new cases in the 1991-1995 period out of 17031 people over 14 who were seen, 21 were not diabetics, 60 were cases of late diagnosis or late recording, 75 came from another centre and 9 were type-1. All these were excluded. The mean age of the 222 (57.4%) real new cases was 59 (ED 11.4). 53% were women. The most common causes of diagnosis were the existence of previous with diagnostic hiperglycemia (50.9%) and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors (19.8%). The diagnostic methods were two basal glucaemias > or = 140 mg/dl (70.7%), 1 glucaemia > or = 200 mg/dl with typical clinical picture (6.7%) and oral overload of glucose (23%). 97% of cases were diagnosed at the centre itself. The density of annual incidence was 30.1 per 10,000 inhabitants. Prevalence at start and end of the study was 4.4 and 4.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence described are greater than described in other studies. The most common reasons for diagnosis were the existence of previous nondiagnostic hyperglycemia and the application of protocols for other risk factors.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 25(7): 469-474, abr. 2000.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4091

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer la incidencia anual, los motivos y los métodos utilizados para el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en el período 1991-1995 a partir de la validación de un registro informatizado. Diseño. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de atención primaria. Mediciones y resultados principales. De los 387 diabéticos registrados como nuevos casos en el período 1991-1995 de una población atendida de 17.031 personas mayores de 14 años, 21 no eran diabéticos, 60 eran retrasos en el diagnóstico o en su registro, 75 provenían de otro centro y 9 eran tipo 1, por lo que fueron excluidos. La edad media de los 222 (57,4 por ciento) nuevos casos verdaderos fue de 59 (DE, 11,4) años, siendo un 53 por ciento mujeres. Los motivos de diagnóstico más frecuentes fueron la existencia de hiperglucemias no diagnósticas previas (50,9 por ciento) y la aplicación de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (19,8 por ciento). Los métodos diagnósticos fueron 2 glucemias basales >= 140 mg/dl (70,7 por ciento), una glucemia >= 200 mg/dl con clínica típica (6,7 por ciento) y la sobrecarga oral de glucosa (23 por ciento). El 97 por ciento de casos se diagnosticó en el propio centro. La densidad de incidencia anual fue de 30,1 por 10.000 habitantes. La prevalencia al principio y al final del estudio fue del 4,4 y 4,9 por ciento. Conclusiones. La incidencia y la prevalencia observadas son superiores a las descritas en otros estudios. Los motivos de diagnóstico más frecuentes fueron la hiperglucemia no diagnóstica previa y la aplicación de protocolos de otros factores de riesgo (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
4.
Aten Primaria ; 26(9): 590-4, 2000 Nov 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11198336

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To measure clinical competence in primary care (PC). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Six PC teams in Barcelona. PARTICIPANTS: 25 family doctors volunteering out of a total of 60. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Three simulated visits took place on three different days, allocated at random as a prior appointment for hypertension. Clinical competence was measured through the Miller criteria, a method with open short-reply questions combining the clinical interview with standardised patients (SP), review of clinical histories (CH) and doctor's self-evaluation (DS). The following components of competence (CC) were evaluated: anamnesis, physical examination, further tests, differential diagnosis, management, clinical history and communication. 22 doctors completed the study. Each CC was weighted by a group of experts, who also agreed two minimum levels of competence, 50% and 60%. Each doctor's final score was the result of the addition of each of the three cases divided by the maximum score possible. The CC values were always higher with SP than otherwise. 63.3% of doctors surpassed the 60% mark, and 90.9% the 50% mark. Internal consistency, measured with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.94, 0.73 and 0.67 for each clinical case. The kappa reproduction test was 0.25. CONCLUSIONS: The use of SP is a good method of evaluation, as it enables anamnesis, management of the patient, physical examination and communication to be assessed. The study is very reliable, with low reproduction, which is probably due to the few cases used.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Médicos de Família/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Comunicação , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Hipertensão/terapia , Masculino , Anamnese , Simulação de Paciente , Exame Físico
5.
Aten Primaria ; 20(10): 558-62, 1997 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9494216

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To find whether the prophylactic measures against malaria used by travellers to the WHO-defined endemic zones are adequate and what role the General Practitioner plays in their prescription. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: El Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona) airport and four Primary Care practices in Barcelona province. PARTICIPANTS: Susceptible travellers coming from zones with effective transmission of the disease. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: 142 people satisfied the inclusion criteria, average age 32.8 and 52.1% women. 25.4% had visited type A transmission zones; 23.2%, type B; and 48.6%, type C. Trips which were not formally organised made up 61.3% of the total. 75.4% of travellers received health advice before leaving, but only 3.8% asked their G.P.. Indication of prophylactic measures was correct in 108 people (74.6%); there was under-dosage in 4 (2.8%) and incorrect medication in 32 (22.5%). 85.5% of travellers complied with prescribed amounts. 15.6% had pharmacological side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is a hole in primary prophylaxis for malaria for travellers to the WHO's zone A. General Practitioners can and must prefer advice to the traveller on this question.


Assuntos
Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Malária/prevenção & controle , Viagem , Adulto , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Malária/transmissão , Masculino , Espanha , Organização Mundial da Saúde
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