Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 12 de 12
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38913259

RESUMO

In Brescia , a highly industrialized city in the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy) classified as a SIN (Contaminated Site of National Interest), a human biomonitoring study was carried out on breast milk of two groups of women residing in areas with presumably different levels of exposure to polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorobiphenyls. This study was aimed at evaluating the possible difference between women living in Brescia and women living far from it but in the same Region. Between 2016 and 2018, 82 women were enrolled (41 "exposed" subjects and 41 "not exposed"), breast milk samples were collected, and a specific questionnaire was administered to the donors. Data obtained were processed by robust regression and Principal Component Factor Analysis. The differences in concentration between the two groups were significant for all the classes of analytes (except for PCDDs). The concentration increase rates from the not exposed to the exposed group resulted highly significant: some PCB congeners showed increase rates more than 1000 ng/g lb per one-unit change of the independent variable. Among the variables significantly associated with the observed concentrations, age showed the greatest influence, while BMI showed a counteracting effect. Consumption of vegetable oil and fruit resulted to possibly influence the chemicals body burden. For the not exposed group, the levels appear to be in line with the decreasing trend (2001-2018) observed for these contaminants in Italy.

2.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(16): 47012-47024, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36735124

RESUMO

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial products extensively used in the past. Because of their widespread presence and toxic effects, the international community adopted control measures to reduce their release into the environment. Currently, PCB concentrations are decreasing, but humans are still exposed. In this paper, we reported the results of a study concerning PCB concentrations in human serum samples collected in Italy over two decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the trend of major determinants of PCB human exposure, several decades after the end of their production. PCB concentrations ranged over three orders of magnitude (from 0.4 to 958 ng/g lipid), with a median value of 85 ng/g lipid. We identified age, sampling year, body mass index, sex, and living near hot spots or being occupationally exposed as relevant factors in determining body burden. Our results can give indications to refine regulatory policies on PCBs in Italy, with particular attention to the disposal of residue PCB-containing products. To improve control measures can further decrease the exposure of citizens to PCBs, limit health implications, and improve citizens' perception about chemical risk management.


Assuntos
Bifenilos Policlorados , Humanos , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Itália , Lipídeos
3.
Chemosphere ; 308(Pt 3): 136244, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36064006

RESUMO

A number of biomonitoring investigations were carried out in Italy between 2000 and 2018 by the Unit of Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals of the Italian National Institute of Health (Rome). The investigations were characterized by different features (case-control or cross-sectional studies, participants from impacted or no impacted areas, etc), but despite the differences, it was possible to study the time trends of Σ7(PCDDs), Σ10(PCDFs), Σ12(DL-PCBs), and Σ6(NDL-PCBs) (analytical and TEQ cumulative concentrations, as appropriate). All the chemicals considered showed clear rates of a time-dependent concentration decrease, data having previously been adjusted for the sampled Region and subject age. Σ7(PCDDs) exhibited the fastest decrease with an average rate of -4.44 pg/g-fat year-1 (2009-2018), whereas Σ6(NDL-PCBs) was characterized by the slowest decrease with a rate of -0.771 ng/g-fat year-1 (2000-2018). A clear distinction between the decreasing rates of Σ7(PCDDs) and Σ10(PCDFs) was observed, as the latter decreased at half the rate of the Σ7(PCDDs). The slower rate of the Σ10(PCDFs) decline may be due to an ongoing source of PCDFs in the environment beyond those traditionally considered for this group of contaminants such as the production of PCDFs due to PCBs thermal conversion from matrices contaminated with PCBs. Production of PCDFs due to thermal conversion of matrices contaminated with PCBs could be an ongoing source which may be of concern because recent data have highlighted the diffusion of PCBs in the European environment. The decreasing rates of PCDDs + PCDFs, DL-PCBs, and PCDDs + PCDFs + DL-PCBs - original analytical data converted to "dioxin equivalents" - were respectively estimated as (pgTEQ/g-fat year-1) -2.08, -2.06, and -2.10, values exhibiting good compatibility between one another.


Assuntos
Benzofuranos , Dioxinas , Bifenilos Policlorados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas , Benzofuranos/análise , Monitoramento Biológico , Estudos Transversais , Dibenzofuranos Policlorados , Feminino , Humanos , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análise
4.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 94(1-2): 278-83, 2015 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25796543

RESUMO

Metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), have been determined in species of Mediterranean marine organisms collected from areas supposed to be at background contamination levels. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) approach was adopted for the determination of all the metals. Arsenic, Cd and Pb determined in the 42 samples, do not exceed the pertinent maximum level except a sample of hake. In wild fish, the concentration range for Cr, Ni, V and Cu was, respectively: 0.07-0.09, 87.6-124, 0.022-0.075 and 0.79-1.74 µg/g fresh weight (fw). The farmed fish samples show concentration levels below the wild fish ones, except for Cr which range at the same levels. Cadmium and Pb show a high sample number under the quantification limit. The elements do not bio-magnify among the species considered and appear to show low variations in relation to organisms' position in the food chain and at sampling sites.


Assuntos
Organismos Aquáticos/metabolismo , Cromo/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Arsênio/análise , Arsênio/metabolismo , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/metabolismo , Cobre/análise , Cobre/metabolismo , Peixes/metabolismo , Mar Mediterrâneo , Metais/análise , Níquel/análise , Níquel/metabolismo , Vanádio/análise , Vanádio/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
5.
Sci Total Environ ; 494-495: 18-27, 2014 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25020099

RESUMO

Fish and fishery products may represent one of the main sources of dietary exposure to persistent toxic substances (PTSs) such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls; polybromodiphenyl ethers; organochlorine pesticides; perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate; and inorganic mercury and methyl mercury. In this study, PTS contamination of Mediterranean fish and crustaceans caught in Italian coastal waters was investigated in order to increase the representativeness of the occurrence database for wild species. The objectives were to verify the suitability of regulatory limits for PTSs, identify background concentrations values, if any, and examine the possible sources of variability when assessing the chemical body burdens of aquatic species. Twelve wild species of commercial interest and two farmed fish species were chosen. Excluding methyl mercury, chemical concentrations found in wild species fell generally towards the low ends of the concentration ranges found in Europe according to EFSA database and were quite lower than the tolerable maximum levels established in the European Union; farmed fish always showed contamination levels quite lower than those detected in wild species. The data obtained for wild species seemed to confirm the absence of local sources of contamination in the chosen sampling areas; however, species contamination could exceed regulatory levels even in the absence of specific local sources of contamination as a result of the position in the food web and natural variability in species' lifestyle. A species-specific approach to the management of contamination in aquatic organisms is therefore suggested as an alternative to a general approach based only on contaminant body burden. A chemical-specific analysis performed according to organism position in the food chain strengthened the need to develop this approach.


Assuntos
Organismos Aquáticos/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Animais , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/metabolismo , Mar Mediterrâneo , Praguicidas/metabolismo
6.
Chemosphere ; 85(3): 465-72, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21899874

RESUMO

The levels of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (DL-PCBs), non-dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (NDL-PCBs), and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish collected from two marine offshore farming plants were determined. Each sample was constituted by specimens of the same size collected at the same time in four different seasons along the farming year. The feeds given were of industrial origin and the plants were positioned in two different sites respectively exposed to different environmental characteristics. A chemometric approach was applied to interpret the subtle differences observed in fish body burdens across the three chemical groups taken into consideration. The approach consisted in a stepwise multivariate process including a hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) and a linear discriminant analysis (DA). The two main clusters determined by CA were subjected to the canonical DA, backward and forward selection procedures to select the best discriminative functions. A clear temporal and spatial discrimination was found among the samples. Across the three chemical groups, the monthly separation seemed to depend on the growth process and the main exposure was due to the feed. In addition, the two plants differed significantly from the environmental point of view and the most important discriminating group of chemicals were the NDL-PCBs. The approach resulted really effective in discriminating the subtle differences and in individuating suggestions to improve the quality of culturing conditions.


Assuntos
Aquicultura , Dourada , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Benzofuranos/análise , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise Discriminante , Éteres Difenil Halogenados/análise , Itália , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análogos & derivados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análise , Polímeros/análise , Estações do Ano
7.
Chemosphere ; 73(1 Suppl): S220-7, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18462773

RESUMO

Breast milk monitoring studies of persistent and toxic environmental contaminants are of primary importance for carrying out an adequate risk assessment at the actual levels of human exposure and represent a major source of information on infant perinatal exposure. Milk specimens from mothers of the general population of the Venice and Rome areas were collected over the 1998-2001 period, pooled, and analyzed for selected persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, hexachlorobenzene), and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Sn, and Zn. The goal was to verify whether mother milk from the Venice area, whose lagoon is partly under direct industrial impact, had a contaminant load greater than that from the Rome area, primarily urban. For mothers from the Venice area, the correlation between fish and fishery product consumption and contaminant concentrations in milk was also explored, with however inconclusive results. The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs, and organochlorinated pesticides determined in this study were compared with those available from a previous analytical work carried out on 1987 human milk pools of domestic origin: the declining trend of the aforesaid contaminants in milk is confirmed to be in agreement with what was observed in other European countries. The breast milk content of (137)Cs and (40)K radionuclides was also determined and compared with data obtained in other research programmes carried out in Italy: the health risk for breastfed infants was deemed to be not significant.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Exposição Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Leite Humano/química , Cidades , Feminino , Humanos , Itália , Metais Pesados/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Radioisótopos/análise , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Meat Sci ; 78(1-2): 25-33, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22062092

RESUMO

With the acronym POPs we intend a group of persistent organic pollutants framed within the Stockholm Convention [Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Convention (POPs) (2004). Available from http://www.pops.int/]. POPs are a subgroup of the wide family of the aforesaid chemicals present in the environment, that are primarily of industrial origin. According to their physical-chemical properties, bioaccumulative behaviour in lipid tissues, and possible toxicological effects, they represent a relevant and growing concern for human beings. Foodstuffs of animal origin represent the main source of exposure. Monitoring data from national residue plans report only few non-compliances with respect to regulatory limits. However, the estimated intake, as in the case of polychloro-p-dibenzodioxins (PCDD), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDF) and dioxin-like polychlorobyphenils (DL-PCBs) may result close to the correspondent safety guidance value (i.e., the Tolerable Daily Intake), thus indicating the need to reduce the overall exposure. In animal productions, the sources of contamination may be the commercial feedingstuffs as well as the contact with contaminated soil and bedding materials and the overall quality of the environment where animal productions are carried out. In this light, a number of safety challenges are envisaged to produce meat, such as: (a) characterization of the environment, (b) identification of the animal-based risk factors, (c) model-based approaches, able to predict bioaccumulation, and (d) teaching and training of stockmen.

9.
Chemosphere ; 68(9): 1788-97, 2007 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17498770

RESUMO

The results are presented of a survey planned to assess the presence of high concern chemicals in sediments collected in a northern sector of the Adriatic sea neighboring the Venice lagoon. For the assessment, persistent marker chemicals were selected from the families of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and chlorinated pesticides. Based on the chemical-specific concentrations and PCDD+PCDF profiles determined in the sediments analyzed, dumping zones appear to have existed approximately 5-6km away from lagoon shoreline. Contamination levels exceed the quality criteria established by the pertinent Italian national regulation at many sampling sites, eventually reflecting ("fingerprinting") industrial activities once performed in the industrial settlement of Porto Marghera within the Venice lagoon. In coastal samples, concentration levels appear to be lower than those determined at offshore sampling sites.


Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição Química da Água/análise , Benzofuranos/análise , Dibenzofuranos Policlorados , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Itália , Região do Mediterrâneo , Oceanos e Mares , Praguicidas/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análogos & derivados , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química
10.
Chemosphere ; 67(9): S301-6, 2007 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17257648

RESUMO

The levels of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in human milk samples from the areas of Venice and Rome, primarily in order to characterize the current levels of infant exposure to PCBs and PBDEs due to breast feeding in Italy. Sixteen non-dioxin-like PCBs, including the traditional indicator congeners, and 11 PBDEs, comprising the relevant PBDE-47, PBDE-99, and PBDE-153, were determined. Congeners were selected for analysis according to their relative abundance in human tissues, toxicological relevance, and diffusion in the environment. Dietary habits of the milk donors were recorded by questionnaires; mothers of the Venice area were classified into three groups according to their consumption of local fish, molluscs, and other fishery products. Sigma(16)(PCBs) and Sigma(11)(PBDEs) (ng g(-1) fat) for the areas of Venice and Rome were respectively, 250-390 and 240, and 1.6-2.8 and 4.1. An increase of fish and fishery product consumption could not be associated with an increase of PCB and PBDE levels in milk.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Contaminação de Alimentos , Leite Humano/química , Éteres Fenílicos/análise , Bifenil Polibromatos/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/toxicidade , Adulto , Cidades , Dieta , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Feminino , Éteres Difenil Halogenados , Humanos , Itália , Éteres Fenílicos/metabolismo , Éteres Fenílicos/toxicidade , Bifenil Polibromatos/metabolismo , Bifenil Polibromatos/toxicidade , Bifenilos Policlorados/metabolismo , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidade , Medição de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Ann Ist Super Sanita ; 42(4): 453-60, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17361070

RESUMO

An approach based on hypothesis testing for the management of persistent inorganic and organic toxic chemicals (PTS/POPs) detected in clams and mussels from the Venice lagoon is presented. The chemicals of interest for this evaluation were the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). Two statistically different populations of data for PCDDs+PCDFs (TEQs), HCB, Cd, and Pb, associated with biota samples collected respectively in the lagoon central district and in the southern and northern districts were identified. The central district is under the impact of the Porto Marghera industrial settlement and the city of Venice, whereas the southern and northern districts are subject to a general impact. Of the aforementioned chemicals, those with more discriminating power were found to be HCB and PCDDs+PCDFs.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes da Água/análise , Algoritmos , Animais , Benzofuranos/análise , Biodiversidade , Bivalves , Cádmio/análise , Dioxinas/análise , Hexaclorobenzeno/análise , Humanos , Itália , Chumbo/análise , Mercúrio/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Frutos do Mar
12.
Ann Ist Super Sanita ; 41(4): 487-92, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16569918

RESUMO

The ratification of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a departure point for several considerations on their presence in environmental matrices. In this paper, the Italian situation is presented with emphasis on the most toxic compounds--chemicals with dioxin-like toxic action, and the activity in the area of interest of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Biotic, as well as abiotic matrices have been taken in consideration and, where possible, a comparation between their contamination levels with the levels reported on similar matrices by other European countries has been reported.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Tecido Adiposo/química , Animais , Bivalves/química , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Dioxinas/análise , Golfinhos/metabolismo , Europa (Continente) , Peixes/metabolismo , Água Doce/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Itália , Músculos/química , Compostos Orgânicos/classificação , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Compostos Policíclicos/análise , Água do Mar/análise , Tubarões/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...