[An unusual case of cardiomyopathy showing carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency]. / Une cardiomyopathie révélant un déficit en carnitine palmitoyltransférase I: à propos d'un cas inhabituel.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiencies (CPD) are rare and caused by a defect in fatty acid oxidation. We here report the case of a 10-year-old patient with no particular previous history presenting with acute dyspnea associated with productive cough, fever and impaired general condition. The patient was polypneic with tachycardia, mitral systolic murmur and no sign of heart failure. Chest x-ray showed cardiomegaly and echocardiography revealed hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency was diagnosed. Management was based on treatment for heart disease and strict hypopidic and hyperglucidic diet. Three months later, the patient presented with decompensated heart failure due to infection caused by antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas caviae identified in blood culture. CPD should be suspected in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. This would enable early management which influences prognosis.