Low-intensity electromagnetic millimeter waves for pain therapy.

Millimeter wave therapy (MWT), a non-invasive complementary therapeutic technique is claimed to possess analgesic properties. We reviewed the clinical studies describing the pain-relief effect of MWT. Medline-based search according to review criteria and evaluation of methodological quality of the retrieved studies was performed. Of 13 studies, 9 of them were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), only three studies yielded more than 3 points on the Oxford scale of methodological quality of RCTs. MWT was reported to be effective in the treatment of headache, arthritic, neuropathic and acute postoperative pain. The rapid onset of pain relief during MWT lasting hours to days after, remote to the site of exposure (acupuncture points), was the most characteristic feature in MWT application for pain relief. The most commonly used parameters of MWT were the MW frequencies between 30 and 70 GHz and power density up to 10 mW cm(-2). The promising results from pilot case series studies and small-size RCTs for analgesic/hypoalgesic effects of MWT should be verified in large-scale RCTs on the effectiveness of this treatment method.

Akrinor-induced relaxation of pig coronary artery in vitro is transformed into alpha1-adrenoreceptor-mediated contraction by pretreatment with propranolol.

Akrinor (AKR), a mixture of theodrenaline (TDR) and cafedrine (CDR), is a sympathomimetic agent used to counter transitory hypotension. Although some cases of vascular complications associated with AKR have been reported there are no experimental data about its direct effects on coronary arteries. The effects of AKR, TDR, CDR, and ephedrine (EDR) were studied on the isometric contraction of the ring preparations of pig coronary arteries precontracted with KCl. The influence of endothelium removal and preincubation with nonselective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist propranolol (PROP), alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor antagonist prazosin, dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390, and adenosine receptor antagonist CGS 15943 were also tested. AKR, TDR, and CDR produced relaxation of the preparations. Preparations without endothelium were more sensitive to AKR relaxing effects. EDR produced an increase of vascular ring tonus. AKR, TDR, and EDR produced contraction in preparations pretreated with PROP. Higher concentrations of AKR relaxed PROP-pretreated preparations. AKR-induced contraction could be prevented by pretreatment with prazosin. Dopamine and adenosine receptor antagonists did not influence relaxing effects of AKR. In conclusion, AKR and its constituents induce the relaxation of pig coronary artery preparations precontracted with KCl. The observed contraction in the preparations pretreated with PROP was probably due to stimulation of unmasked alpha(1)-adrenoreceptors.

Auricular Acupuncture for Pain Relief after Ambulatory Knee Arthroscopy-A Pilot Study.

Auricular acupuncture (AA) is effective in treating various pain conditions, but there have been no analyses of AA for the treatment of pain after ambulatory knee surgery. We assessed the range of analgesic requirements under AA after ambulatory knee arthroscopy. Twenty patients randomly received a true AA procedure (Lung, Shenmen and Knee points) or sham procedure (three non-acupuncture points on the auricular helix) before ambulatory knee arthroscopy. Permanent press AA needles were retained in situ for one day after surgery. Post-operative pain was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ibuprofen, and weak oral opioid tramadol was used for rescue analgesic medication. The quantity of post-operative analgesics and pain intensity were used to assess the effect of AA. The incidence of analgesia-related side effects, time to discharge from the anesthesia recovery room, heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. Ibuprofen consumption after surgery in the AA group was lower than in the control group: median 500 versus 800 mg, P = 0.043. Pain intensity on a 100 mm visual analogue scale for pain measurement and other parameters were similar in both groups. Thus AA might be useful in reducing the post-operative analgesic requirement after ambulatory knee arthroscopy.