Behavior of self-inflicted violence in patients with bipolar disorder: A systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Studies aimed at understanding the higher risk profiles for self-inflicted violence in individuals with BD become essential as a possible predictive risk measure for the presence of suicidal behavior, corroborating the expressive reduction of suicide deaths in young people who are in psychic suffering. METHODS: The protocol was constructed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA-P) and the research question was constructed using guidelines from the Population Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting (PICOS) strategy. A third reviewer will be contacted, and two studies will be included in the selection, analysis and inclusion phases of the articles, in case of divergence, a third reviewer will be contacted. (1) methodological design studies of cohorts, case-control and cross-sectional; (2) Diagnosis of Bipolar disorder according to Diagnostic and statistical Manual of mental disorders V; (3) Studies with adult population and (4) Studies that consider at least one type of self-inflicted violence as a variable. The articles considered eligible will be analyzed by New Castle - Ottawa quality assessment scale/cross section studies (NOS) to evaluate the quality of the studies. RESULTS: The identification of the characteristics of self-harm may subsidize professionals who work in the treatment of bipolar disorder with greater attention to these practices and monitoring of possible suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSION: This study may represent one of the initial measures of evaluation on these correlations, which will allow to protocol the guidelines in the field of practice and contribute to improvements in public health indexes.

Reduced frequency of T lymphocytes expressing CTLA-4 in frontotemporal dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease.

Studies suggest that inflammation is involved in the neurodegenerative cascade of dementias. Immunological mechanisms may be part of the pathophysiological process in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but up till now only vague evidence of such mechanisms has been presented. The B7- CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is an important immunological signaling pathway involved in modulation of T cell activation. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of molecules associated with co-stimulatory signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of FTD to Alzheimer disease (AD) and control groups. Our results confirm the previous demonstrated increased expression of CD80 in CD14+ Alzheimer patients T cells but show, for the first time, a reduction in the expression of CTLA-4 in CD4+ FTD cells. As CTLA-4 is the most potent negative regulators of T-cell activation we speculated that peripheral T lymphocytes in FTD are more activated and this could be involved in the neurodegeneration observed in this dementia.