Selenium from Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria as a new Se source for growing-finishing pigs.

The goal of the trial was to determine the efficacy of Se from Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria in accumulation of Se in the muscle tissue and to evaluate its effect on meat quality in finisher pigs. In group I (n = 12) the feed was supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite, in group II (n = 12) with Se from Se-lactic acid bacteria, in group III (n = 12) with Se from Se-enriched yeast and pigs in group IV (n = 11) were fed non-supplemented basal diet. The experimental feed mixtures were supplemented with 0.3 mg Se per kg and were fed for a period of 3 month before slaughter. The use of Se from Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria resulted in comparable accumulation of Se in the muscle tissue as with sodium selenite, and in lower accumulation in comparison with Se from Se-enriched yeast. We did not find any differences in parameters of meat quality among experimental groups. It is concluded that Se from Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria has a comparable accumulation in the muscle tissue as sodium selenite and it does not negatively influence the meat quality.

Plasma leptin concentration in patients with acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is characterized by impaired excretory, endocrine, homeostatic and metabolic function of the kidneys. It is well-known that leptin is an adipose-derived polypeptide hormone which is predominantly biodegraded by the kidneys. Therefore, plasma leptin concentration is increased in chronic renal failure (CRF). However, its' concentrations in patients with ARF were not investigated until now. The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma leptin concentration in patients with ARF. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 27 patients with ARF (age 44 +/- 4 years, BMI 26.0 +/- 0.9 kg/m2, means +/- SEM, 17 patients 15 M, 2 F recovered kidney function and 10 patients 7 M, 3 F died during the anuric phase), 27 hemodialysis patients (22 M, 5 F; age 45 +/- 2 years; BMI 26.2 +/- 0.8 kg/m2) with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 27 healthy subjects (HS) (22 M, 5 F; age 42 +/- 3 years; BMI 25.9 +/- 0.6 kg/m2) were examined. In patients with ARF, blood samples for plasma leptin and routinely assessed biochemical parameters were withdrawn before the first HD session (I), and in patients who survived a second time 5 days later during the anuric/oliguric phase (II), and a third one during the polyuric phase before discharge of the patient from hospital (III). In patients with CRF all examined parameters were estimated only once before a subsequent HD session. RESULTS: Patients with ARF (before the first HD session) and CRF did not differ significantly with respect to BMI, serum creatinine and blood hydrogen ion concentrations. Plasma leptin level in patients with ARF before the first HD session was similar to values obtained in HS, but significantly lower (p < 0.01) than in patients with CRF (2.5 (1.9 - 8.2) vs. 3.4 (2.5 - 8.3) vs. 8.4 (2.9 - 16.9) ng/ml in ARF, HS and CRF, respectively). There was no significant difference in leptinemia between patients with ARF who survived and who died. In patients with ARF who survived, improvement ofrenal function was accompanied by a slightly (not significant) declining tendency in plasma leptin concentration (5.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.7 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml; I, II, III phases of ARF, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure, patients with acute renal failure are characterized by normal plasma leptin concentration. Thus, difference in leptinemia between patients with chronic and acute renal failure seems to be due to preservation of large amounts of active renal parenchyma in ARF patients.

Relationship between plasma level of parathyroid hormone and carboxymethyllysine in hemodialyzed patients--does it exist?

AIMS: Both parathyroid hormone and advanced glycated end products (AGEs) are uremic toxins. The present study aimed to examine the likely interrelationship between these compounds. METHODS: Seventy-four hemodialyzed patients (41 female, 33 male; mean age 47 +/- 2 years, mean duration on hemodialysis 36 +/- 6 months) were enrolled in this study. In all subjects, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and total lean mass (TLM) and total fat mass (TFM) were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples for estimation of plasma calcium, phosphorus, carboxymethyl lysine (as marker of AGEs) and PTH-1-84 were obtained after overnight fasting, before subsequent hemodialysis session. RESULTS: BMI, TFM and TLM were 23.6 +/- 0.5 kg/m2, 16.3 +/- 1.0 kg and 46.3 +/- 1.1 kg, respectively. PTH plasma level (223 +/- 32 pg/ml) and plasma CML (1,837 +/- 84 ng/ml) were markedly elevated as compared with reference values. A significant positive correlation was found between TLM and CML levels (tau = 0.225; p = 0.04) and between plasma PTH and CML levels (tau = 0.224; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: It seems likely that PTH and AGEs are interrelated. The pathophysiological relevance of this finding in the pathogenesis of uremic toxicity remains to be elucidated.

Influence of antihypertensive treatment with perindopril, pindolol or felodipinon plasma leptin concentration in patients with essential hypertension.

UNLABELLED: Leptin - produced predominantly by adipocytes - is presumably also involved in pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH). In the present study, we addressed the question whether and to what extent antihypertensive monotherapy does influence leptinemia in patients with mild or moderate EH. Forty-two EH patients were enrolled in this randomized, open-labeled study. In all subjects, plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine were estimated twice - before and one month after initiation of monotherapy with perindopril, pindolol or felodipin, respectively. Plasma leptin concentration, in the afternoon and midnight, was significantly higher in patients with essential hypertension than in normotensive healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Therapy with perindopril or felodipin did not influence the daily profile of leptinemia or insulinemia, respectively. However, pindolol monotherapy showed a marked (p < 0.01) suppressive effect on the daily profile of leptinemia, but did not influence insulinemia. CONCLUSIONS: First, patients with essential hypertension are characterized by higher plasma leptin levels as compared with normotensive healthy subjects; second, suppressive effect of pindolol on leptinemia may be of pathophysiological relevance in the course of weight gain during beta-blocker therapy.

[Response of vasoactive substance to blood pressure changes during hemodialysis in uremic patients]. / Profil czynników regulujacych napiecie naczyn w zaleznosci od zmian cisnienia tetniczego w czasie hemodializy u chorych na przewlekla mocznice.

UNLABELLED: Ultrafiltration during haemodialysis (HD) may be the cause of blood pressure (BP) decline due to reduction of blood volume. In some patients, however, BP does not decrease or even rises during HD. The aim of the study was to answer the question: do uraemic hypertensive patients, showing a decline of mean blood pressure (MAP) during HD session (group A) differ from those showing a stable MAP during HD session (group B) with respect to hormonal profile of aldosterone (ALD), vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), endothelin-1,2 (ET-1,2), blood nitric oxide (NO) and plasma renin activity (PRA). A total of 39 haemodialysed, hypertensive patients (17 female, 22 men) were studied. 24 patients (group A) showed a MAP decline of 10 mm Hg or more, while 15 patients (group B) showed MAP changes of less than +/- 10 mm Hg during HD session. PRA, ALD, AVP, ANP, ET-1,2, NO concentration were assessed in blood samples withdrawn from the arterial blood line before HD and after 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes of HD session. Plasma ET-1,2 and blood NO concentration were also assessed after 30 minutes of HD. BV was continuously monitored with a Crit-Line equipment, BP was measured before and every 30 minutes on HD. Before HD session both examined groups showed similar baseline plasma levels of ALD, AVP, ANP, ET-1,2, NO, PRA and MAP. A 4-hours HD induced a significant increase in plasma ALD and AVP concentrations and a significant decline in ANP level in both groups of patients. In group A, PRA and blood NO concentration increased significantly, while plasma ET-1,2, level did not change during HD. In group B, no significant changes in PRA and blood NO level were noticed, while plasma ET-1,2 rose markedly. In addition in group B, a significant positive correlation was found between MAP and plasma ET-1,2 level changes, but a significant negative correlation between MAP and blood NO level changes. CONCLUSION: Patients with a decline of MAP over 10 mm Hg during HD differ from those with a stable MAP by a different response of plasma ET and blood NO to HD induced volume changes.

Effects of neuropeptide Y on appetite.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a polypeptide containing 36 amino acids. Circulating NPY originates predominantly from the sympatho-adrenomedullary nervous system. It has a vasoconstrictive and mitogenic effect on blood vessels and seems to be involved in blood pressure regulation and angiogenesis. NPY is a potent orexigenic agent and is presumed to play a leading role in the regulation of eating behavior. Stimulation of the NPY-ergic arcuate - paraventricular nucleus (ARC-PVN) pathway by exercise, fasting, energy loss (glucosuria) is followed by increased appetite and food intake and increased parasympathetic activity, but suppression of sympathetic activity and energy expenditure. The end result of this process is an increase of energy stores. Activity of the NPY-ergic ARC-PVN pathway is suppressed by leptin - a polypeptide produced by adipocytes. Although functioning of an NPY-leptin feedback was found in rodents, it seems likely that also in man the NPY-leptin axis is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure.